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   "content" : "# Er «kontrære stemmer» blitt marginalisert i den norske Ukraina-debatten? Jeg har undersøkt.\n\n## Stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper?\n\n## Så ille skal det ha vært\n\n## Påstandene stemmer ikke\n\n## «Noen» er ikke «sannferdig»\n\n## Inntar offerrollen\n\nDe som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina, vil ikke bli overrasket over resultatet.\n\nHar det offentlige ordskiftet i Norge om Russlands krig mot Ukraina vært en «stresstest» av den norske ytringsfriheten, en test som den [ikke besto](https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2023-05-13/putin-skulle-hort-pa-meg) (professor Tormod Heier i Klassekampen)?\n\nHar ordskiftet inneholdt overgrep mot ytringsfriheten «som ikke er vårt demokrati [verdig](https://klassekampen.no/artikkel/2022-05-25/frykter-taktfast-marsj)» (diplomat Kai Eide i Klassekampen)?\n\nHar det hatt en form som har satt selve det norske demokratiet «[på prøve](/meninger/kronikk/i/0Ga3X0/russlands-krig-mot-ukraina-er-en-stresstest-av-det-norske-ordskiftet)» (religionshistoriker Ingrid Vik og sosiolog Kristian Berg Harpviken i Aftenposten)?\n\nHar ytringsrommet for Ukraina-samtaler vært «på størrelse med en «[fyrstikkeske](https://www.dagsavisen.no/kommentar/rod-tvil-tvilsom-kritikk/4320142)» (kommentator Linn Stalsberg i Dagsavisen)?\n\nFinnes det i det hele tatt noen ytringsfrihet [igjen](/meninger/kronikk/i/dRmvJw/ketil-bjoernstad-hva-kan-begrunne-en-ny-verdenskrig) (forfatter Ketil Bjørnstad i Aftenposten)?\n\nOm vi skal tro disse og andre stemmer i ordskiftet, er svaret på de fire første spørsmålene over ja. Unntaket er det siste, der svaret er nei – Ukraina-debatten har ifølge Bjørnstad langt på vei tatt knekken på ytringsfriheten.\n\nForsøk på å bringe nyanser inn i ordskiftet skal ha blitt møtt med undertrykkende hersketeknikker. «Kontrære» synspunkter skal ha blitt holdt nede i et majoritetsdominert og makthaverorientert ytringsmiljø.\n\nAvvikere som likevel ytret seg, skal ha måttet betale en høy pris. Det angivelig snevre ytringsrommet skal ha kostet enda mer for samfunnet (jurist[ Anine Kierulf](https://www.uio.no/om/aktuelt/universitetsplassen/domus-bibliotheca/arrangementer/2022/ubehagelige-samtaler-motstroms.html) i samtale på Universitetet i Oslo).\n\nDette skriver seniorforsker ved Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Julie Wilhelmsen [i Dagens Næringsliv](https://www.dn.no/innlegg/krigen-i-ukraina/russland/ytringsfrihet/innlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina/2-1-1196119) om ikke navngitte meningsmotstandere:\n\n«Kan hende lykkes man med å feste stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper slik at viktige forskerrøster mister enhver legitimitet. Kan hende lykkes man med å avskaffe gode praksiser som er livsviktige for å opprettholde en kunnskapsbasert og åpen debatt.»\n\nHer er Tormod Heiers fremstilling, også denne uten angitt adressat:\n\n«Mens russiske missiler regnet over Ukraina og Europa holdt pusten av frykt for at krigen skulle spres til andre land var det bare én ting som gjaldt: å slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina. Kanskje var ikke takhøyden i det norske ytringsrommet så stor likevel?» (Norsk Militært Tidsskrift, nr. 2023/3)\n\nFor «noen» deltagere i debatten skal ordskiftet ikke ha dreid seg om sak, men om å «[ta [ ...] ned](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805),» en meningsmotstander. Hvorfor er det blitt slik? Kanskje ligger [forklaringen](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805) i menneskers psykologi, spekulerer Wilhelmsen:\n\n«Det er til dels den menneskelige natur som får utslipp. En krig er en veldig alvorlig situasjon og følelsene settes i sving. Da tror jeg en del mennesker følger sine emosjonelle innskytelser. I stedet for å argumentere på sak, tar de personen. For noen er det nærmest befriende å ha en krig i spaltene, få utslipp for følelsene […].»\n\nOgså debattanters politiske tilhørighet kan ha spilt en [rolle](https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2023-05-13/putin-skulle-hort-pa-meg), tror Heier:\n\n«– Det ble et sammenfall av politikere, journalister og forskerkolleger som samlet sett antagelig befinner seg ute på høyresiden, som synes dette var en fin anledning til å ta meg […].»\n\nDe skal være særlig ille nettopp i akademia: Fagpersoner velger angivelig å «støtte det som oppfattes som politisk riktig, i stedet for å analysere situasjonen [nøkternt](https://inyheter.no/24/11/2025/laerer-ved-krigskolen-vestlige-medier-har-skapt-et-feilaktig-bilde-av-krigen-i-ukraina/?fbclid=IwdGRjcAOS5VBjbGNrA5LlSGV4dG4DYWVtAjExAHNydGMGYXBwX2lkDDM1MDY4NTUzMTcyOAABHlGgmt9efxutglArfTik9gq5uh8pEFuZYeMGJlu3HHUf-y4E0S29bU1R9b7-_aem_XCRoiSusHYt5b6pyuO48Gw)». For den enkelte forsker skal det være lettere «å gjenta vurderinger som er moralsk riktige enn å komme med upopulære analyser, selv om de er mer realistiske» (hovedlærer ved Krigsskolen Amund Osflaten).\n\nDa [Fritt Ords Pris 2023](https://frittord.no/nb/priser/fritt-ords-pris/julie-wilhelmsen) ble delt ut, mente professor Grethe Brochmann, institusjonens styreleder, å kunne slå fast som et faktum at krig også utenfor Norge fører til at «den uavhengige forskningen […] kommer under press», «den akademiske ytringsfriheten utfordres», «kravet om å slutte rekke øker», «avvikende stemmer stemples», og «tilfanget av motstridende argumenter og analyser» svekkes.\n\nI mars 2022 ble et «prinsipielt opprop til støtte for akademisk frihet» (slik presentert av initiativtageren, FNI-direktør Iver B. Neumann, i e-post til potensielle underskrivere) i Khrono signert av [37 utvalgte fagpersoner](https://www.khrono.no/opprop-akademisk-frihet/668515). Disse hadde alle «ytt [sin] skjerv til et av demokratiets adelsmerker: den frie debatt». Der var derimot *andre* som grep til «nedsettende personkarakteristikker av meningsmotstandere» og på utilbørlig vis blandet sammen «politisk» og «faglig» virksomhet.\n\nSå ille skal det ha vært, at den kompakte majoriteten i Ukraina-debatten ikke vek unna for å bruke metoder som minner om Putins «gjentatte grep for å få kontroll på [meningsrommet](https://www.dn.no/innlegg/krigen-i-ukraina/russland/ytringsfrihet/innlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina/2-1-1196119) i Russland».\n\nMed andre ord: Vilkårene for «kontrære» røster i Ukraina-debatten kan sammenlignes med situasjonen for opposisjonelle i Putins Russland, for det er overfor disse siste at Putin har tatt «gjentatte grep».\n\nListen over slike påstander, fra de samme aktørene og fra andre, kan gjøres lengre. Påstandene har minst fire vesentlige fellestrekk:\n\n1) De som angivelig har begått overtramp i debatten, blir ikke identifisert: De er «noen», «andre», «de», «forskerkolleger», «en del» eller andre ikke navngitte enkeltmennesker eller grupper.\n\n2) Påstandene er ikke begrunnet, hverken med eksempler eller på annen måte. De blir ikke engang *forsøkt* begrunnet.\n\n3) Det lar seg gjøre å undersøke om påstandene faktisk er riktige eller i det minste sannsynlige: Man kan se på hva som faktisk er blitt sagt og skrevet, og man kan se på hvem som faktisk er kommet til orde.\n\n4) Påstandene stemmer ikke. Ved hjelp av databasen Retriever har jeg sett på Ukraina-debatten i redaksjonelle medier. I en artikkel i nettutgaven av [Vagant](https://www.vagant.no/ukraina-debatt-og-ytringsfrihet/) legger jeg frem resultatet.\n\nDe som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina i for eksempel NRK, vil ikke bli overrasket:\n\n«Kontrære» stemmer har *ikke* vært utsatt for verre «[haglskurer](https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2022-12-24/juryens-begrunnelse3/aug2?fbclid=IwAR1xw6d9yKYl0IHo3yZNDPv65kezOLjW4ZsuIIK9hh33Tawhpv3xGjum590)» av skjellsord enn sine meningsmotstandere (for ikke å snakke om hva deltagere i andre debatter har opplevd). De er *ikke* blitt holdt ute fra det offentlige ordskiftet. Faktisk har «kontrære» synspunkter hele tiden hatt en godt synlig og hørbar plass.\n\nSitatene over beskriver en falsk virkelighet, konstruert av de «kontrære» aktørene selv, med god hjelp fra ukritiske journalister og forvaltere av ytringsfrihetspriser. De angivelig marginaliserte personene har gjentatte ganger fått medienes hjelp til å kringkaste at de er marginaliserte.\n\nHvor mange ganger kan en angivelig marginalisert stemme bli portrettintervjuet – og fortsatt gjøre krav på å være marginalisert? Hvor ofte kan et angivelig undertrykt synspunkt fremføres – og fortsatt bli omtalt som undertrykt?\n\nNoen få har satt ord og bilde på fenomenet, som VGs kommentator og debattansvarlig Hans-Petter Sjøli i kommentaren [«En offerposisjon du ikke kan motstå»](https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/0Qoq9g/en-offerposisjon-du-ikke-kan-motstaa) (6. februar 2023), illustrert av Morten Mørland.\n\nOm noe har vært og er problematisk i Ukraina-debatten, er det de stadig gjentatte påstandene om at ikke-navngitte enkeltpersoner, et ikke nærmere definert «noen», «de» eller «mange», ønsker å begrense ytringsrommet generelt og enkeltpersoners ytringsfrihet spesielt.\n\nNår begrunnet kritikk blir møtt med beskyldninger om at kritikken er et angrep på «ytringsfriheten» og innsnevrer «ytringsrommet», er det dette som bryter med prinsippene for en fri og åpen samtale, for en «[god ytringskultur](https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2022-2/id2905589/)».\n\nFor å overta de «kontræres» eget argument: Noen som er mindre tykkhudet enn forfatteren av denne teksten, kunne faktisk kvie seg for å delta i en debatt der kritikk blir møtt med slike beskyldninger.\n\nDet er innholdet i hva som blir sagt, som avgjør om et utsagn er et utilbørlig personangrep. Om adressaten for kritikk eller en påstand er navngitt eller ikke, er i seg selv uten betydning, av en enkel grunn:\n\nBak ord som «noen», «mange» eller «de» skjuler det seg faktisk eksisterende enkeltpersoner.\n\nDet må ha vært *noen* i debatten som «stigmatiserte», «mistenkeliggjorde» og «[hetset](/meninger/kronikk/i/OrBrrV/det-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a)», det må ha vært *noen* som ville «kneble» motstemmer, det må ha vært *noen* som ville «slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina» (Heier i Norsk Militært Tidsskrift 2023/3, s. 7), det må ha vært *noen* som fremmet «ensretting og et «[svart-hvitt](https://www.dn.no/magasinet/portrettet/julie-wilhelmsen/nupi/russland/-jeg-er-tross-alt-persona-non-grata-i-russland/2-1-1149061)»-narrativ [som] ligner på det Putin holder på med», det må være noen som lar sin «menneskelige natur» [slippe løs](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805), følger sine «emosjonelle innskytelser», tar «person» og ikke sak og opplever det som «befriende» å «[føre krig](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805) i spaltene».\n\nDet er også *noen* i Ukraina-debatten som ikke er «[sannferdige](/meninger/kronikk/i/OrBrrV/det-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a)», eller sagt på en annen måte: Det er *noen* blant kritikerne av de kontrære som farer med løgn.\n\nProminente fagpersoner som selv har søkt offentlighetens søkelys med sine kommentarer og analyser, har svart på kritikk med å innta offerrollen – heiet frem av journalister, meningsfeller og prisutdelere. Dette har det i det minste to konsekvenser.\n\nFor det første: Oppmerksomheten dreies bort fra det ordskiftet egentlig gjelder, til fordel for spekulasjoner om meningsmotstanderes angivelig nedrige motiver for sine utsagn og analyser. Utvalgte eksperter blir intervjuet *om seg selv* og sin rolle som undertrykt meningsminoritet – og dette mens Ukraina kjemper en desperat kamp for å overleve som nasjon og stat.\n\nFor det andre: Når offerrollen først er etablert, kan enhver kritikk av påstander og argumenter avfeies som illegitime personangrep – uten ytterligere begrunnelse.\n\nSlik motvirkes den saklige meningsbrytningen og det «åpne og opplyste» ordskiftet som «ofrene», journalistene og utdelerne av priser for ytringsfrihet angivelig er så opptatt av å forsvare.\n\n- [Sven G. HoltsmarkProfessor i historie, Institutt for forsvarsstudier, Forsvarets høgskole](http://aftenposten.no/av/sven-g-holtsmark)",
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Jeg har undersøkt.\\n\\n## Stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper?\\n\\n## Så ille skal det ha vært\\n\\n## Påstandene stemmer ikke\\n\\n## «Noen» er ikke «sannferdig»\\n\\n## Inntar offerrollen\\n\\nDe som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina, vil ikke bli overrasket over resultatet.\\n\\nHar det offentlige ordskiftet i Norge om Russlands krig mot Ukraina vært en «stresstest» av den norske ytringsfriheten, en test som den [ikke besto](https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2023-05-13/putin-skulle-hort-pa-meg) (professor Tormod Heier i Klassekampen)?\\n\\nHar ordskiftet inneholdt overgrep mot ytringsfriheten «som ikke er vårt demokrati [verdig](https://klassekampen.no/artikkel/2022-05-25/frykter-taktfast-marsj)» (diplomat Kai Eide i Klassekampen)?\\n\\nHar det hatt en form som har satt selve det norske demokratiet «[på prøve](/meninger/kronikk/i/0Ga3X0/russlands-krig-mot-ukraina-er-en-stresstest-av-det-norske-ordskiftet)» (religionshistoriker Ingrid Vik og sosiolog Kristian Berg Harpviken i Aftenposten)?\\n\\nHar ytringsrommet for Ukraina-samtaler vært «på størrelse med en «[fyrstikkeske](https://www.dagsavisen.no/kommentar/rod-tvil-tvilsom-kritikk/4320142)» (kommentator Linn Stalsberg i Dagsavisen)?\\n\\nFinnes det i det hele tatt noen ytringsfrihet [igjen](/meninger/kronikk/i/dRmvJw/ketil-bjoernstad-hva-kan-begrunne-en-ny-verdenskrig) (forfatter Ketil Bjørnstad i Aftenposten)?\\n\\nOm vi skal tro disse og andre stemmer i ordskiftet, er svaret på de fire første spørsmålene over ja. Unntaket er det siste, der svaret er nei – Ukraina-debatten har ifølge Bjørnstad langt på vei tatt knekken på ytringsfriheten.\\n\\nForsøk på å bringe nyanser inn i ordskiftet skal ha blitt møtt med undertrykkende hersketeknikker. «Kontrære» synspunkter skal ha blitt holdt nede i et majoritetsdominert og makthaverorientert ytringsmiljø.\\n\\nAvvikere som likevel ytret seg, skal ha måttet betale en høy pris. Det angivelig snevre ytringsrommet skal ha kostet enda mer for samfunnet (jurist[ Anine Kierulf](https://www.uio.no/om/aktuelt/universitetsplassen/domus-bibliotheca/arrangementer/2022/ubehagelige-samtaler-motstroms.html) i samtale på Universitetet i Oslo).\\n\\nDette skriver seniorforsker ved Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Julie Wilhelmsen [i Dagens Næringsliv](https://www.dn.no/innlegg/krigen-i-ukraina/russland/ytringsfrihet/innlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina/2-1-1196119) om ikke navngitte meningsmotstandere:\\n\\n«Kan hende lykkes man med å feste stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper slik at viktige forskerrøster mister enhver legitimitet. Kan hende lykkes man med å avskaffe gode praksiser som er livsviktige for å opprettholde en kunnskapsbasert og åpen debatt.»\\n\\nHer er Tormod Heiers fremstilling, også denne uten angitt adressat:\\n\\n«Mens russiske missiler regnet over Ukraina og Europa holdt pusten av frykt for at krigen skulle spres til andre land var det bare én ting som gjaldt: å slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina. Kanskje var ikke takhøyden i det norske ytringsrommet så stor likevel?» (Norsk Militært Tidsskrift, nr. 2023/3)\\n\\nFor «noen» deltagere i debatten skal ordskiftet ikke ha dreid seg om sak, men om å «[ta [ ...] ned](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805),» en meningsmotstander. Hvorfor er det blitt slik? Kanskje ligger [forklaringen](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805) i menneskers psykologi, spekulerer Wilhelmsen:\\n\\n«Det er til dels den menneskelige natur som får utslipp. En krig er en veldig alvorlig situasjon og følelsene settes i sving. Da tror jeg en del mennesker følger sine emosjonelle innskytelser. I stedet for å argumentere på sak, tar de personen. For noen er det nærmest befriende å ha en krig i spaltene, få utslipp for følelsene […].»\\n\\nOgså debattanters politiske tilhørighet kan ha spilt en [rolle](https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2023-05-13/putin-skulle-hort-pa-meg), tror Heier:\\n\\n«– Det ble et sammenfall av politikere, journalister og forskerkolleger som samlet sett antagelig befinner seg ute på høyresiden, som synes dette var en fin anledning til å ta meg […].»\\n\\nDe skal være særlig ille nettopp i akademia: Fagpersoner velger angivelig å «støtte det som oppfattes som politisk riktig, i stedet for å analysere situasjonen [nøkternt](https://inyheter.no/24/11/2025/laerer-ved-krigskolen-vestlige-medier-har-skapt-et-feilaktig-bilde-av-krigen-i-ukraina/?fbclid=IwdGRjcAOS5VBjbGNrA5LlSGV4dG4DYWVtAjExAHNydGMGYXBwX2lkDDM1MDY4NTUzMTcyOAABHlGgmt9efxutglArfTik9gq5uh8pEFuZYeMGJlu3HHUf-y4E0S29bU1R9b7-_aem_XCRoiSusHYt5b6pyuO48Gw)». For den enkelte forsker skal det være lettere «å gjenta vurderinger som er moralsk riktige enn å komme med upopulære analyser, selv om de er mer realistiske» (hovedlærer ved Krigsskolen Amund Osflaten).\\n\\nDa [Fritt Ords Pris 2023](https://frittord.no/nb/priser/fritt-ords-pris/julie-wilhelmsen) ble delt ut, mente professor Grethe Brochmann, institusjonens styreleder, å kunne slå fast som et faktum at krig også utenfor Norge fører til at «den uavhengige forskningen […] kommer under press», «den akademiske ytringsfriheten utfordres», «kravet om å slutte rekke øker», «avvikende stemmer stemples», og «tilfanget av motstridende argumenter og analyser» svekkes.\\n\\nI mars 2022 ble et «prinsipielt opprop til støtte for akademisk frihet» (slik presentert av initiativtageren, FNI-direktør Iver B. Neumann, i e-post til potensielle underskrivere) i Khrono signert av [37 utvalgte fagpersoner](https://www.khrono.no/opprop-akademisk-frihet/668515). Disse hadde alle «ytt [sin] skjerv til et av demokratiets adelsmerker: den frie debatt». Der var derimot *andre* som grep til «nedsettende personkarakteristikker av meningsmotstandere» og på utilbørlig vis blandet sammen «politisk» og «faglig» virksomhet.\\n\\nSå ille skal det ha vært, at den kompakte majoriteten i Ukraina-debatten ikke vek unna for å bruke metoder som minner om Putins «gjentatte grep for å få kontroll på [meningsrommet](https://www.dn.no/innlegg/krigen-i-ukraina/russland/ytringsfrihet/innlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina/2-1-1196119) i Russland».\\n\\nMed andre ord: Vilkårene for «kontrære» røster i Ukraina-debatten kan sammenlignes med situasjonen for opposisjonelle i Putins Russland, for det er overfor disse siste at Putin har tatt «gjentatte grep».\\n\\nListen over slike påstander, fra de samme aktørene og fra andre, kan gjøres lengre. Påstandene har minst fire vesentlige fellestrekk:\\n\\n1) De som angivelig har begått overtramp i debatten, blir ikke identifisert: De er «noen», «andre», «de», «forskerkolleger», «en del» eller andre ikke navngitte enkeltmennesker eller grupper.\\n\\n2) Påstandene er ikke begrunnet, hverken med eksempler eller på annen måte. De blir ikke engang *forsøkt* begrunnet.\\n\\n3) Det lar seg gjøre å undersøke om påstandene faktisk er riktige eller i det minste sannsynlige: Man kan se på hva som faktisk er blitt sagt og skrevet, og man kan se på hvem som faktisk er kommet til orde.\\n\\n4) Påstandene stemmer ikke. Ved hjelp av databasen Retriever har jeg sett på Ukraina-debatten i redaksjonelle medier. I en artikkel i nettutgaven av [Vagant](https://www.vagant.no/ukraina-debatt-og-ytringsfrihet/) legger jeg frem resultatet.\\n\\nDe som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina i for eksempel NRK, vil ikke bli overrasket:\\n\\n«Kontrære» stemmer har *ikke* vært utsatt for verre «[haglskurer](https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2022-12-24/juryens-begrunnelse3/aug2?fbclid=IwAR1xw6d9yKYl0IHo3yZNDPv65kezOLjW4ZsuIIK9hh33Tawhpv3xGjum590)» av skjellsord enn sine meningsmotstandere (for ikke å snakke om hva deltagere i andre debatter har opplevd). De er *ikke* blitt holdt ute fra det offentlige ordskiftet. Faktisk har «kontrære» synspunkter hele tiden hatt en godt synlig og hørbar plass.\\n\\nSitatene over beskriver en falsk virkelighet, konstruert av de «kontrære» aktørene selv, med god hjelp fra ukritiske journalister og forvaltere av ytringsfrihetspriser. De angivelig marginaliserte personene har gjentatte ganger fått medienes hjelp til å kringkaste at de er marginaliserte.\\n\\nHvor mange ganger kan en angivelig marginalisert stemme bli portrettintervjuet – og fortsatt gjøre krav på å være marginalisert? Hvor ofte kan et angivelig undertrykt synspunkt fremføres – og fortsatt bli omtalt som undertrykt?\\n\\nNoen få har satt ord og bilde på fenomenet, som VGs kommentator og debattansvarlig Hans-Petter Sjøli i kommentaren [«En offerposisjon du ikke kan motstå»](https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/0Qoq9g/en-offerposisjon-du-ikke-kan-motstaa) (6. februar 2023), illustrert av Morten Mørland.\\n\\nOm noe har vært og er problematisk i Ukraina-debatten, er det de stadig gjentatte påstandene om at ikke-navngitte enkeltpersoner, et ikke nærmere definert «noen», «de» eller «mange», ønsker å begrense ytringsrommet generelt og enkeltpersoners ytringsfrihet spesielt.\\n\\nNår begrunnet kritikk blir møtt med beskyldninger om at kritikken er et angrep på «ytringsfriheten» og innsnevrer «ytringsrommet», er det dette som bryter med prinsippene for en fri og åpen samtale, for en «[god ytringskultur](https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2022-2/id2905589/)».\\n\\nFor å overta de «kontræres» eget argument: Noen som er mindre tykkhudet enn forfatteren av denne teksten, kunne faktisk kvie seg for å delta i en debatt der kritikk blir møtt med slike beskyldninger.\\n\\nDet er innholdet i hva som blir sagt, som avgjør om et utsagn er et utilbørlig personangrep. Om adressaten for kritikk eller en påstand er navngitt eller ikke, er i seg selv uten betydning, av en enkel grunn:\\n\\nBak ord som «noen», «mange» eller «de» skjuler det seg faktisk eksisterende enkeltpersoner.\\n\\nDet må ha vært *noen* i debatten som «stigmatiserte», «mistenkeliggjorde» og «[hetset](/meninger/kronikk/i/OrBrrV/det-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a)», det må ha vært *noen* som ville «kneble» motstemmer, det må ha vært *noen* som ville «slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina» (Heier i Norsk Militært Tidsskrift 2023/3, s. 7), det må ha vært *noen* som fremmet «ensretting og et «[svart-hvitt](https://www.dn.no/magasinet/portrettet/julie-wilhelmsen/nupi/russland/-jeg-er-tross-alt-persona-non-grata-i-russland/2-1-1149061)»-narrativ [som] ligner på det Putin holder på med», det må være noen som lar sin «menneskelige natur» [slippe løs](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805), følger sine «emosjonelle innskytelser», tar «person» og ikke sak og opplever det som «befriende» å «[føre krig](https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805) i spaltene».\\n\\nDet er også *noen* i Ukraina-debatten som ikke er «[sannferdige](/meninger/kronikk/i/OrBrrV/det-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a)», eller sagt på en annen måte: Det er *noen* blant kritikerne av de kontrære som farer med løgn.\\n\\nProminente fagpersoner som selv har søkt offentlighetens søkelys med sine kommentarer og analyser, har svart på kritikk med å innta offerrollen – heiet frem av journalister, meningsfeller og prisutdelere. Dette har det i det minste to konsekvenser.\\n\\nFor det første: Oppmerksomheten dreies bort fra det ordskiftet egentlig gjelder, til fordel for spekulasjoner om meningsmotstanderes angivelig nedrige motiver for sine utsagn og analyser. Utvalgte eksperter blir intervjuet *om seg selv* og sin rolle som undertrykt meningsminoritet – og dette mens Ukraina kjemper en desperat kamp for å overleve som nasjon og stat.\\n\\nFor det andre: Når offerrollen først er etablert, kan enhver kritikk av påstander og argumenter avfeies som illegitime personangrep – uten ytterligere begrunnelse.\\n\\nSlik motvirkes den saklige meningsbrytningen og det «åpne og opplyste» ordskiftet som «ofrene», journalistene og utdelerne av priser for ytringsfrihet angivelig er så opptatt av å forsvare.\\n\\n- [Sven G. HoltsmarkProfessor i historie, Institutt for forsvarsstudier, Forsvarets høgskole](http://aftenposten.no/av/sven-g-holtsmark)\",\"schema\":{\"microdata\":{\"datePublished\":\"8. desember\"}},\"twitter\":{},\"og\":{\"url\":\"https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/JO1RXJ/er-kontraere-stemmer-blitt-marginalisert-i-den-norske-ukraina-debatten-jeg-har-undersoekt\",\"image:height\":\"1506\",\"type\":\"article\",\"image:width\":\"2048\",\"title\":\"Kronikk: Er «kontrære stemmer» blitt marginalisert i Ukraina-debatten? Jeg har undersøkt.\",\"image\":\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/372da04e-3f26-4fdc-82ae-e1e3c0139457?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1506&w=2048&s=267f73400bb1251d73d7238c97374705cb25d09a\",\"description\":\"Kronikk av Sven G. Holtsmark.\"},\"author\":\"\",\"keywords\":[],\"is_paywalled\":1,\"raw_feed_item\":\"<item>\\n            <title><![CDATA[Hvor ofte kan et angivelig undertrykt synspunkt fremføres – og fortsatt bli omtalt som undertrykt?]]></title>\\n            <link>https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/JO1RXJ/er-kontraere-stemmer-blitt-marginalisert-i-den-norske-ukraina-debatten-jeg-har-undersoekt</link>\\n            <guid>https://www.aftenposten.no/i/JO1RXJ</guid>\\n            <pubDate>Sun, 14 Dec 2025 12:07:44 GMT</pubDate>\\n            <description><![CDATA[Kronikk av Sven G. Holtsmark.]]></description>\\n            <enclosure length=\\\"65535\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" url=\\\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/9adec016-5c5a-4b87-90d7-77b85b04391f?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1152&amp;tight=true&amp;w=2048&amp;s=59c31f3ab7b5b96a353452356ec56b94907b960b\\\" />\\n        </item>\",\"published_at\":\"2025-12-14 12:07:44\",\"image_url\":\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/372da04e-3f26-4fdc-82ae-e1e3c0139457?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1506&w=2048&s=267f73400bb1251d73d7238c97374705cb25d09a\"}",
   "og_title" : "Kronikk: Er «kontrære stemmer» blitt marginalisert i Ukraina-debatten? Jeg har undersøkt.",
   "published_at" : "2025-12-14 12:07:44",
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Jeg har undersøkt.</title>\n    <meta data-rh=\"true\" name=\"robots\" content=\"noarchive\"/><meta data-rh=\"true\" name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\"/><meta data-rh=\"true\" name=\"description\" content=\"Kronikk av Sven G. Holtsmark.\"/><meta data-rh=\"true\" property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"/><meta data-rh=\"true\" property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/JO1RXJ/er-kontraere-stemmer-blitt-marginalisert-i-den-norske-ukraina-debatten-jeg-har-undersoekt\"/><meta data-rh=\"true\" property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kronikk: Er «kontrære stemmer» blitt marginalisert i Ukraina-debatten? Jeg har undersøkt.\"/><meta data-rh=\"true\" property=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Kronikk: Er «kontrære stemmer» blitt marginalisert i Ukraina-debatten? 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class=\"advertory-aftenposten-skyscraperleft_1-wrapper\"><div id=\"skyscraperleft_1\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-skyscraperleft_1\"></div></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-yck6b5\"><div class=\"page-layout-supertop hyperion-css-1499hb2\"><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-topboard-wrapper\"><div id=\"topboard\" style=\"min-height:150px\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-topboard\"></div></div><div class=\"advertory-wrapper-common-wallpaper wallpaper\"><div id=\"wallpaper\" class=\"advertory-common-wallpaper disable-cogwheel\"></div></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-dz5hzo\"><article class=\"article-wrapper-JO1RXJ\"><div class=\"opinion running-head extendedContent hyperion-css-1z06dqh\" data-test-tag=\"running-head\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-7enjca\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/meninger/kronikk\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Kronikk\" theme=\"opinion\">Kronikk</a></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-semo9s\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/emne/skjebnesvanger-uke-for-russland-og-nato\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Krigen i Ukraina\" theme=\"opinion\">Krigen i Ukraina</a></div></div><h1 class=\"extendedContent h1 hyperion-css-j2lk82\" data-test-tag=\"headline\">Er «kontrære stemmer» blitt marginalisert i den norske Ukraina-debatten? Jeg har undersøkt.</h1><div class=\"extendedContent hyperion-css-cgw1f6\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-io3370\" data-test-tag=\"byline\" data-testid=\"byline\"><ul data-test-tag=\"byline:authors\" data-testid=\"byline:authors\" class=\"hyperion-css-1772xtw\"><li class=\"hyperion-css-b8p8ys\"><a title=\"Se journalistens profil: Sven G. Holtsmark\" aria-label=\"Se journalistens profil: Sven G. Holtsmark\" href=\"http://aftenposten.no/av/sven-g-holtsmark\" class=\"hyperion-css-1x0qoq7\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-y7i40o\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-u06ts1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=2048&amp;w=2048&amp;s=cb1c561484a298a619ce6d94790254debfab5ae6\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=2048&amp;w=2048&amp;s=cb1c561484a298a619ce6d94790254debfab5ae6 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1440&amp;w=1440&amp;s=d457f45347a1f15db98a89c86e024cbe294dd5b2 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1024&amp;w=1024&amp;s=aa680420e317724e0adc4d6e3be3305abc93fdef 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=980&amp;w=980&amp;s=a0948cba40bdd8b8399af698a3e09a7163a6a943 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=780&amp;w=780&amp;s=917e7aeb9faafab0189dba71955389f3c0783919 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=580&amp;w=580&amp;s=97ee99b1440723ae00fa22338dac19d8866c879a 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=380&amp;w=380&amp;s=c5f2d4103816a4a919d6c34f61c3d57fb9993fa2 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=200&amp;w=200&amp;s=ffa67f49c7fa608395453b46dbf82eb6dc03f3c7 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/author/c31eb39a-00b6-4cf4-aa0d-45f0abcacaf2?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=100&amp;w=100&amp;s=fe58ed142625a08cba9400463b0d9e3e063625bc 100w\" alt=\"Sven G. Holtsmark\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 2048\"/></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-0\"><span class=\"byline-name hyperion-css-1cn5stf\" data-test-tag=\"byline:author-name\" data-testid=\"byline:author-name\">Sven G. Holtsmark</span><div class=\"hyperion-css-lc8ynt\">Professor i historie, Institutt for forsvarsstudier, Forsvarets høgskole</div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-ytalhi\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-upuxee\"><div class=\"contentWidth hyperion-css-eemj7d\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-152x5og\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1xdhyk6\"></div></div></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-6kzd76\"></div></div><figure data-test-tag=\"image\" class=\"image fullWidthDesktop top stretch-image-asset-on-mobile landscape hyperion-css-mochwu\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-u06ts1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1506&amp;w=2048&amp;s=de07f4f289551e54f99ff59fbebfe370d9702e2a\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1506&amp;w=2048&amp;s=de07f4f289551e54f99ff59fbebfe370d9702e2a 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1059&amp;w=1440&amp;s=adb706d327d7623a8eb6c2f1ccd9124c1a6a7114 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=753&amp;w=1024&amp;s=2a0970a84b700c71e6f93aaa969c84aed04d9526 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=721&amp;w=980&amp;s=2bc01ceff2864248a8466733787e381c9f1f664d 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=574&amp;w=780&amp;s=9b0bf0def19cc3ab6e5053643253d16df7874d2a 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=426&amp;w=580&amp;s=064d88445c2efac93c9829c12bf66db2055d61c8 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=279&amp;w=380&amp;s=152331b0eec899cb22a4021299cbf7728b7b3b87 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=147&amp;w=200&amp;s=7a91b5d1178ca6b254b51d83db3d4ddf47bdd315 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=74&amp;w=100&amp;s=167b496ff4ca4528ec41a0b2007fc850c1f6caf1 100w\" alt=\" Vilkårene for «kontrære» røster i Ukraina-debatten kan sammenlignes med situasjonen for opposisjonelle i Putins Russland, for det er overfor disse siste at Putin har tatt «gjentatte grep», skriver Sven G. Holtsmark.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 380px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1506\"/><figcaption class=\"image-figcaption hyperion-css-1ksg4fz\" data-test-tag=\"image:caption\"><span class=\"image-caption\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Vilkårene for «kontrære» røster i Ukraina-debatten kan sammenlignes med situasjonen for opposisjonelle i Putins Russland, for det er overfor disse siste at Putin har tatt «gjentatte grep», skriver Sven G. Holtsmark.</span><span class=\"image-byline hyperion-css-161dy2i\"> Foto: Alexander Kazakov, Reuters/NTB</span></figcaption></figure><p class=\"contentWidth hyperion-css-1mepuqa\" data-test-tag=\"lead-text\">De som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina, vil ikke bli overrasket over resultatet.</p><div class=\"paywall hyperion-css-h9wc15\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-14T12:07:44Z\" aria-label=\"Publisert: 14.12.2025 13:07\">Publisert: 14.12.2025 13:07</time></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Har det offentlige ordskiftet i Norge om Russlands krig mot Ukraina vært en «stresstest» av den norske ytringsfriheten, en test som den <a aria-label=\"ikke besto\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2023-05-13/putin-skulle-hort-pa-meg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">ikke besto</a> (professor Tormod Heier i Klassekampen)? </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Har ordskiftet inneholdt overgrep mot ytringsfriheten «som ikke er vårt demokrati <a aria-label=\"verdig\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://klassekampen.no/artikkel/2022-05-25/frykter-taktfast-marsj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">verdig</a>» (diplomat Kai Eide i Klassekampen)? </p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_1\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Har det hatt en form som har satt selve det norske demokratiet «<a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/meninger/kronikk/i/0Ga3X0/russlands-krig-mot-ukraina-er-en-stresstest-av-det-norske-ordskiftet\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"på prøve\" theme=\"opinion\">på prøve</a>» (religionshistoriker Ingrid Vik og sosiolog Kristian Berg Harpviken i Aftenposten)? </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Har ytringsrommet for Ukraina-samtaler vært «på størrelse med en «<a aria-label=\"fyrstikkeske\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.dagsavisen.no/kommentar/rod-tvil-tvilsom-kritikk/4320142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">fyrstikkeske</a>» (kommentator Linn Stalsberg i Dagsavisen)? </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Finnes det i det hele tatt noen ytringsfrihet <a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/meninger/kronikk/i/dRmvJw/ketil-bjoernstad-hva-kan-begrunne-en-ny-verdenskrig\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"igjen\" theme=\"opinion\">igjen</a> (forfatter Ketil Bjørnstad i Aftenposten)?</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Om vi skal tro disse og andre stemmer i ordskiftet, er svaret på de fire første spørsmålene over ja. Unntaket er det siste, der svaret er nei – Ukraina-debatten har ifølge Bjørnstad langt på vei tatt knekken på ytringsfriheten.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Forsøk på å bringe nyanser inn i ordskiftet skal ha blitt møtt med undertrykkende hersketeknikker. «Kontrære» synspunkter skal ha blitt holdt nede i et majoritetsdominert og makthaverorientert ytringsmiljø. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Avvikere som likevel ytret seg, skal ha måttet betale en høy pris. Det angivelig snevre ytringsrommet skal ha kostet enda mer for samfunnet (jurist<a aria-label=\" Anine Kierulf\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.uio.no/om/aktuelt/universitetsplassen/domus-bibliotheca/arrangementer/2022/ubehagelige-samtaler-motstroms.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\"> Anine Kierulf</a> i samtale på Universitetet i Oslo).</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper?</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Dette skriver seniorforsker ved Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Julie Wilhelmsen <a aria-label=\"i Dagens Næringsliv\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.dn.no/innlegg/krigen-i-ukraina/russland/ytringsfrihet/innlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina/2-1-1196119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">i Dagens Næringsliv</a> om ikke navngitte meningsmotstandere:</p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"brandboard\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">«Kan hende lykkes man med å feste stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper slik at viktige forskerrøster mister enhver legitimitet. Kan hende lykkes man med å avskaffe gode praksiser som er livsviktige for å opprettholde en kunnskapsbasert og åpen debatt.»</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Her er Tormod Heiers fremstilling, også denne uten angitt adressat:</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">«Mens russiske missiler regnet over Ukraina og Europa holdt pusten av frykt for at krigen skulle spres til andre land var det bare én ting som gjaldt: å slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina. Kanskje var ikke takhøyden i det norske ytringsrommet så stor likevel?» (Norsk Militært Tidsskrift, nr. 2023/3)</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">For «noen» deltagere i debatten skal ordskiftet ikke ha dreid seg om sak, men om å «<a aria-label=\"ta [ ...] ned\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">ta [ ...] ned</a>,» en meningsmotstander. Hvorfor er det blitt slik? Kanskje ligger <a aria-label=\"forklaringen\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">forklaringen</a> i menneskers psykologi, spekulerer Wilhelmsen:</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">«Det er til dels den menneskelige natur som får utslipp. En krig er en veldig alvorlig situasjon og følelsene settes i sving. Da tror jeg en del mennesker følger sine emosjonelle innskytelser. I stedet for å argumentere på sak, tar de personen. For noen er det nærmest befriende å ha en krig i spaltene, få utslipp for følelsene […].»</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Også debattanters politiske tilhørighet kan ha spilt en <a aria-label=\"rolle\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2023-05-13/putin-skulle-hort-pa-meg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">rolle</a>, tror Heier:</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">«– Det ble et sammenfall av politikere, journalister og forskerkolleger som samlet sett antagelig befinner seg ute på høyresiden, som synes dette var en fin anledning til å ta meg […].»</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">De skal være særlig ille nettopp i akademia: Fagpersoner velger angivelig å «støtte det som oppfattes som politisk riktig, i stedet for å analysere situasjonen <a aria-label=\"nøkternt\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://inyheter.no/24/11/2025/laerer-ved-krigskolen-vestlige-medier-har-skapt-et-feilaktig-bilde-av-krigen-i-ukraina/?fbclid=IwdGRjcAOS5VBjbGNrA5LlSGV4dG4DYWVtAjExAHNydGMGYXBwX2lkDDM1MDY4NTUzMTcyOAABHlGgmt9efxutglArfTik9gq5uh8pEFuZYeMGJlu3HHUf-y4E0S29bU1R9b7-_aem_XCRoiSusHYt5b6pyuO48Gw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">nøkternt</a>». For den enkelte forsker skal det være lettere «å gjenta vurderinger som er moralsk riktige enn å komme med upopulære analyser, selv om de er mer realistiske» (hovedlærer ved Krigsskolen Amund Osflaten).</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Så ille skal det ha vært</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Da <a aria-label=\"Fritt Ords Pris 2023\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://frittord.no/nb/priser/fritt-ords-pris/julie-wilhelmsen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">Fritt Ords Pris 2023</a> ble delt ut, mente professor Grethe Brochmann, institusjonens styreleder, å kunne slå fast som et faktum at krig også utenfor Norge fører til at «den uavhengige forskningen […] kommer under press», «den akademiske ytringsfriheten utfordres», «kravet om å slutte rekke øker», «avvikende stemmer stemples», og «tilfanget av motstridende argumenter og analyser» svekkes.</p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_2\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">I mars 2022 ble et «prinsipielt opprop til støtte for akademisk frihet» (slik presentert av initiativtageren, FNI-direktør Iver B. Neumann, i e-post til potensielle underskrivere) i Khrono signert av <a aria-label=\"37 utvalgte fagpersoner\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.khrono.no/opprop-akademisk-frihet/668515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">37 utvalgte fagpersoner</a>. Disse hadde alle «ytt [sin] skjerv til et av demokratiets adelsmerker: den frie debatt». Der var derimot <em><a aria-label=\"andre\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/OrJbnk/rapport-fra-den-akademiske-andedammen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">andre</a></em> som grep til «nedsettende personkarakteristikker av meningsmotstandere» og på utilbørlig vis blandet sammen «politisk» og «faglig» virksomhet.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Så ille skal det ha vært, at den kompakte majoriteten i Ukraina-debatten ikke vek unna for å bruke metoder som minner om Putins «gjentatte grep for å få kontroll på <a aria-label=\"meningsrommet\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.dn.no/innlegg/krigen-i-ukraina/russland/ytringsfrihet/innlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina/2-1-1196119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">meningsrommet</a> i Russland».</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Med andre ord: Vilkårene for «kontrære» røster i Ukraina-debatten kan sammenlignes med situasjonen for opposisjonelle i Putins Russland, for det er overfor disse siste at Putin har tatt «gjentatte grep».</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Påstandene stemmer ikke</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Listen over slike påstander, fra de samme aktørene og fra andre, kan gjøres lengre. Påstandene har minst fire vesentlige fellestrekk:</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">1) De som angivelig har begått overtramp i debatten, blir ikke identifisert: De er «noen», «andre», «de», «forskerkolleger», «en del» eller andre ikke navngitte enkeltmennesker eller grupper.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">2) Påstandene er ikke begrunnet, hverken med eksempler eller på annen måte. De blir ikke engang <em>forsøkt</em> begrunnet.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">3) Det lar seg gjøre å undersøke om påstandene faktisk er riktige eller i det minste sannsynlige: Man kan se på hva som faktisk er blitt sagt og skrevet, og man kan se på hvem som faktisk er kommet til orde.</p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_3\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">4) Påstandene stemmer ikke. Ved hjelp av databasen Retriever har jeg sett på Ukraina-debatten i redaksjonelle medier. I en artikkel i nettutgaven av <a aria-label=\"Vagant\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.vagant.no/ukraina-debatt-og-ytringsfrihet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">Vagant</a> legger jeg frem resultatet.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">De som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina i for eksempel NRK, vil ikke bli overrasket:</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">«Kontrære» stemmer har <em>ikke</em> vært utsatt for verre «<a aria-label=\"haglskurer\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2022-12-24/juryens-begrunnelse3/aug2?fbclid=IwAR1xw6d9yKYl0IHo3yZNDPv65kezOLjW4ZsuIIK9hh33Tawhpv3xGjum590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">haglskurer</a>» av skjellsord enn sine meningsmotstandere (for ikke å snakke om hva deltagere i andre debatter har opplevd). De er <em>ikke</em> blitt holdt ute fra det offentlige ordskiftet. Faktisk har «kontrære» synspunkter hele tiden hatt en godt synlig og hørbar plass.</p><div class=\"opinion extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-15ic3dq\"><blockquote data-test-tag=\"blockquote\" class=\"hyperion-css-qsvb07\">«Kontrære» stemmer har <em>ikke</em> vært utsatt for verre «haglskurer» av skjellsord enn sine meningsmotstandere</blockquote></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Sitatene over beskriver en falsk virkelighet, konstruert av de «kontrære» aktørene selv, med god hjelp fra ukritiske journalister og forvaltere av ytringsfrihetspriser. De angivelig marginaliserte personene har gjentatte ganger fått medienes hjelp til å kringkaste at de er marginaliserte.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Hvor mange ganger kan en angivelig marginalisert stemme bli portrettintervjuet – og fortsatt gjøre krav på å være marginalisert? Hvor ofte kan et angivelig undertrykt synspunkt fremføres – og fortsatt bli omtalt som undertrykt?</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Noen få har satt ord og bilde på fenomenet, som VGs kommentator og debattansvarlig Hans-Petter Sjøli i kommentaren <a aria-label=\"«En offerposisjon du ikke kan motstå»\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/0Qoq9g/en-offerposisjon-du-ikke-kan-motstaa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">«En offerposisjon du ikke kan motstå»</a> (6. februar 2023), illustrert av Morten Mørland.</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">«Noen» er ikke «sannferdig»</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Om noe har vært og er problematisk i Ukraina-debatten, er det de stadig gjentatte påstandene om at ikke-navngitte enkeltpersoner, et ikke nærmere definert «noen», «de» eller «mange», ønsker å begrense ytringsrommet generelt og enkeltpersoners ytringsfrihet spesielt.</p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_4\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Når begrunnet kritikk blir møtt med beskyldninger om at kritikken er et angrep på «ytringsfriheten» og innsnevrer «ytringsrommet», er det dette som bryter med prinsippene for en fri og åpen samtale, for en «<a aria-label=\"god ytringskultur\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2022-2/id2905589/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">god ytringskultur</a>».</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">For å overta de «kontræres» eget argument: Noen som er mindre tykkhudet enn forfatteren av denne teksten, kunne faktisk kvie seg for å delta i en debatt der kritikk blir møtt med slike beskyldninger.</p><div class=\"opinion extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-15ic3dq\"><blockquote data-test-tag=\"blockquote\" class=\"hyperion-css-qsvb07\">Bak ord som «noen», «mange» eller «de» skjuler det seg faktisk eksisterende enkeltpersoner</blockquote></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Det er innholdet i hva som blir sagt, som avgjør om et utsagn er et utilbørlig personangrep. Om adressaten for kritikk eller en påstand er navngitt eller ikke, er i seg selv uten betydning, av en enkel grunn:</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Bak ord som «noen», «mange» eller «de» skjuler det seg faktisk eksisterende enkeltpersoner.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Det må ha vært <em>noen</em> i debatten som «stigmatiserte», «mistenkeliggjorde» og «<a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/meninger/kronikk/i/OrBrrV/det-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"hetset\" theme=\"opinion\">hetset</a>», det må ha vært <em>noen</em> som ville «kneble» motstemmer, det må ha vært <em>noen</em> som ville «slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina» (Heier i Norsk Militært Tidsskrift 2023/3, s. 7), det må ha vært <em>noen</em> som fremmet «ensretting og et «<a aria-label=\"svart-hvitt\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.dn.no/magasinet/portrettet/julie-wilhelmsen/nupi/russland/-jeg-er-tross-alt-persona-non-grata-i-russland/2-1-1149061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">svart-hvitt</a>»-narrativ [som] ligner på det Putin holder på med», det må være noen som lar sin «menneskelige natur» <a aria-label=\"slippe løs\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">slippe løs</a>, følger sine «emosjonelle innskytelser», tar «person» og ikke sak og opplever det som «befriende» å «<a aria-label=\"føre krig\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.khrono.no/tror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen/736805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">føre krig</a> i spaltene».</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Det er også <em>noen</em> i Ukraina-debatten som ikke er «<a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/meninger/kronikk/i/OrBrrV/det-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"sannferdige\" theme=\"opinion\">sannferdige</a>», eller sagt på en annen måte: Det er <em>noen</em> blant kritikerne av de kontrære som farer med løgn.</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Inntar offerrollen</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Prominente fagpersoner som selv har søkt offentlighetens søkelys med sine kommentarer og analyser, har svart på kritikk med å innta offerrollen – heiet frem av journalister, meningsfeller og prisutdelere. Dette har det i det minste to konsekvenser.</p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_6\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">For det første: Oppmerksomheten dreies bort fra det ordskiftet egentlig gjelder, til fordel for spekulasjoner om meningsmotstanderes angivelig nedrige motiver for sine utsagn og analyser. Utvalgte eksperter blir intervjuet <em>om seg selv</em> og sin rolle som undertrykt meningsminoritet – og dette mens Ukraina kjemper en desperat kamp for å overleve som nasjon og stat.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">For det andre: Når offerrollen først er etablert, kan enhver kritikk av påstander og argumenter avfeies som illegitime personangrep – uten ytterligere begrunnelse.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Slik motvirkes den saklige meningsbrytningen og det «åpne og opplyste» ordskiftet som «ofrene», journalistene og utdelerne av priser for ytringsfrihet angivelig er så opptatt av å forsvare.</p></article><div id=\"brandmetrics-survey\" class=\"advertory-brandmetrics-survey\"></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1lkfsxc\"><button aria-label=\"Vis kommentarer\" title=\"Vis kommentarer\" type=\"button\" class=\"hyperion-css-1q6qqhb\"> <!-- -->Vis<!-- --> <!-- -->kommentarer</button></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1yxx8oe\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1jbnpry\"><button type=\"button\" title=\"Kopier URL til utklippstavle\" aria-label=\"Kopier URL til utklippstavle\" class=\"hyperion-css-pdsgro\">Kopier lenke</button><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tips\" class=\"hyperion-css-1f62hkp\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Tips oss\">Tips oss</a></div></div><div id=\"widget-recirculation-matrix\" class=\"extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-177q39v\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-r57xc5\" data-test-tag=\"widget:title\">Krigen i Ukraina</h2><div class=\"bundle extendedContent hyperion-css-cbecqi\"><ol class=\"hyperion-css-1700tdj\"><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/verden/nyhetsanalyse/i/16keMG/trumps-fredsplan-for-ukraina-ligner-noe-fra-5-klasse\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium news-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Trump ville ha fred før jul. Hans nye fredsplan viser at han er enda mer interessert i noe helt annet.\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-1j57gfw\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=d239dae6aab9cf8c57653527edf4bf94bb39ad44\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=d239dae6aab9cf8c57653527edf4bf94bb39ad44 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=3b1d8f4d1e2b7df2363131d47625b82355a3b7a8 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=4d89ba19a69fcaff0195af3608f01215e3655eff 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=f7693ef9126793f045893fa35f9a2ecfdfdd5066 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=1de4b518a30ed2cae8a0d36d01dff570f7c18a26 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=b1bc7fe1e753a21113305c2c198ace3d5924ff00 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=b8611431b9c1ea7c9484d4f145d570797cda211b 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=d95d5a5f426241875787773fcec6c880b7c657d1 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4361d70a-43ac-4a1b-afe9-d9cf33ddcbaa?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=2258add57bbe732d9fcf82671debf98e6c966c1e 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1536\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">NYHETSANALYSE<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-12T21:46:30Z\" aria-label=\"2025-12-12T21:46:30Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">12. desember</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">Trump ville ha fred før jul. Hans nye fredsplan viser at han er enda mer interessert i noe helt annet.</h2></div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/verden/i/ExolPG/missilkrigen-klarer-putin-aa-bombe-ukraina-til-aa-gi-opp\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium news-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Putins nye bombestrategi: Krigen kan bli avgjort langt fra fronten\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-n6kkq1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=d877da1a3bcca31416757f4ff409d10474c2e618\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=d877da1a3bcca31416757f4ff409d10474c2e618 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=3e3c24b3a79b7501bbed9ca9dc8ef6b82b5c07bf 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=632214639cc14a8c135b52b29cf850dd83d5c18c 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=4fe8ad320c1f1a2d12b0ad9b62eb8b4875d867a1 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=80dc22660b47e4b6e26958bdb2f24ad0f2cef500 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=31dc3a3e1dbbbbbd88790f0466870a71303d2a8e 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=45dacd10aba9c345fa8bc22877ba231973cc5d56 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=44fb19a30980b65380d35be70a2d2ad508469cd0 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/4560e10c-b0fb-41f8-8a68-2ac04bcd9e66?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=c98b96d0cd113f6331bdd909f30d7b1a341344fb 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1536\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">VERDEN<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-11T20:32:23Z\" aria-label=\"2025-12-11T20:32:23Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">11. desember</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">Putins nye bombestrategi: Krigen kan bli avgjort langt fra fronten</h2></div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/verden/i/vrmxVV/mens-ukraina-sliter-paa-slagmarken-vakler-pengestoetten-fra-europa\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium news-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"USA har skrudd igjen pengekranen. Det presser frem en annen løsning, ifølge ekspert.\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-1jxhqyt\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=cac6aeaa3d7d23684124eb3e63973a03eba35764\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=cac6aeaa3d7d23684124eb3e63973a03eba35764 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=19fce76c4292a1b1c49a8aebe6fcb355459d6122 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=93e1be7a74e96c90b0919d01fdbc29bc45d2aa39 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=4534512342bd9205bfe444e0fbccc38ffb776150 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=cfa2ce2d14af98593fb421fed2dc9f08174b6f12 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=5966a6e365bbf16b6975ff46b298425a47ac2f61 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=1d3ccfbaa7f88852ee9ad2343681b09cc4ba1b8c 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=9a6708d473d39e35547d92a8b3aaf99edaacbac8 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/c350d900-edc1-4741-86f3-3a5298945bb6?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=a4ee08ba83544370d6377f3fdbbbc85ed4966ad0 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1536\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">VERDEN<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-10T05:01:31Z\" aria-label=\"2025-12-10T05:01:31Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">10. desember</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">USA har skrudd igjen pengekranen. Det presser frem en annen løsning, ifølge ekspert.</h2></div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/verden/i/bOMrMq/taper-ukraina-krigen-naa-det-store-spoersmaalet-er-hvem-som-kollapser-foerst\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium news-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Videoen viser det Putin holder skjult for russerne. – Det vi ser, er så ille at ingen der hjemme kan fatte det.\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-n6kkq1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1163&amp;w=1550&amp;s=fa6c487addf14f90bc7f43d309478af086dc1561\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1163&amp;w=1550&amp;s=fa6c487addf14f90bc7f43d309478af086dc1561 1550w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=c393527a8512dd247dd35cf3b7330a4cde162b92 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=86ec18a23105abd4f37e95bd5c279f98e4268d40 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=d7f20fef237ed7684df47d7e26d1c49aec9e88f6 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=266f0660aa86ecb4472f6fc585bb9e9cb88255a7 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=45480c41e84dd4dda462e4e62c89868f33e3ef17 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=0f30f103b81279a9804241e73ea094a5f30faf4c 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=8dcbc0453c685011bc12611671ff5a9db33c3916 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/32dd0995-3bbc-4fd7-92b2-415db3462ab7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=930925b129c9467dc2a76f63b123aaaddf3bc977 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1550 / 1163\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">VERDEN<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-08T19:29:22Z\" aria-label=\"2025-12-08T19:29:22Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">8. desember</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">Videoen viser det Putin holder skjult for russerne. – Det vi ser, er så ille at ingen der hjemme kan fatte det.</h2></div></div></a></li></ol></div></div><div id=\"widget-inline-list\" class=\"extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-1wv24dq\"><div class=\"bundle hyperion-css-6nuwex\"><ol class=\"hyperion-css-19mvxvm\"><li class=\"hyperion-css-1og0r8\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/emne/skjebnesvanger-uke-for-russland-og-nato\" class=\"hyperion-css-vpoaev\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Krigen i Ukraina\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-0\">Krigen i Ukraina</span></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1og0r8\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tag/ukraina\" class=\"hyperion-css-vpoaev\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Ukraina\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-0\">Ukraina</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div 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Holtsmark.\"},\"byline\":{\"title\":\"Foto: Alexander Kazakov, Reuters\\u002FNTB\"},\"imageAsset\":{\"id\":\"7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce\",\"size\":{\"width\":4628,\"height\":3403},\"urls\":[{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1506&w=2048&s=de07f4f289551e54f99ff59fbebfe370d9702e2a\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1506},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1059&w=1440&s=adb706d327d7623a8eb6c2f1ccd9124c1a6a7114\",\"width\":1440,\"height\":1059},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=753&w=1024&s=2a0970a84b700c71e6f93aaa969c84aed04d9526\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":753},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=721&w=980&s=2bc01ceff2864248a8466733787e381c9f1f664d\",\"width\":980,\"height\":721},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=574&w=780&s=9b0bf0def19cc3ab6e5053643253d16df7874d2a\",\"width\":780,\"height\":574},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=426&w=580&s=064d88445c2efac93c9829c12bf66db2055d61c8\",\"width\":580,\"height\":426},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=279&w=380&s=152331b0eec899cb22a4021299cbf7728b7b3b87\",\"width\":380,\"height\":279},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=147&w=200&s=7a91b5d1178ca6b254b51d83db3d4ddf47bdd315\",\"width\":200,\"height\":147},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F7290cb15-98f6-449e-bc31-629938e704ce?fit=crop&format=auto&h=74&w=100&s=167b496ff4ca4528ec41a0b2007fc850c1f6caf1\",\"width\":100,\"height\":74}]},\"characteristics\":{\"figure\":false,\"sensitive\":false},\"type\":\"image\",\"top\":true,\"lazy\":false,\"layout\":\"fullWidthDesktop\"},\"text-lead\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"De som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina, vil ikke bli overrasket over resultatet.\"},\"subtype\":\"lead\",\"layout\":\"contentWidth\"},\"text-timestamp\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"subtype\":\"timestamp\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Publisert: 14.12.2025 13:07\",\"markup\":[]},\"friendly\":false,\"top\":true,\"showPublished\":true,\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\",\"lazy\":false},\"newsletter-signup\":{\"type\":\"newsletter-signup\",\"newsletterPublication\":\"ap\",\"newsletterId\":\"9c525c5e-d435-4385-a241-91d4b80b9521\",\"newsletterName\":\"Verden\",\"newsletterDescription\":\"Bli oppdatert på ukens største saker fra verden på fem minutter.\",\"newsletterSignupMessage\":\"Takk, din påmelding er registrert. Administrer dine nyhetsbrev på \\\"Min side\\\".\",\"needsSubscription\":false,\"secondaryNewsletter\":{\"newsletterPublication\":\"ap\",\"newsletterId\":\"15677390-6580-46d1-ad6e-97aa167e151c\",\"newsletterName\":\"Alstadheims analyse\",\"newsletterDescription\":\"Et underholdende nyhetsbrev om norsk politikk.\",\"needsSubscription\":true,\"subscriptionUrl\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fkundeportal.aftenposten.no\\u002Fs\\u002Fbliabonnent?referer=AP-u-u_nyhetsbrevportal_Norskpolitikk_nocampaign\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"article-marker-content-start\":{\"type\":\"article-marker\",\"subtype\":\"content-start\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Har det offentlige ordskiftet i Norge om Russlands krig mot Ukraina vært en «stresstest» av den norske ytringsfriheten, en test som den ikke besto (professor Tormod Heier i Klassekampen)? \",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":136,\"length\":10,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fklassekampen.no\\u002Futgave\\u002F2023-05-13\\u002Fputin-skulle-hort-pa-meg\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-0\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Har ordskiftet inneholdt overgrep mot ytringsfriheten «som ikke er vårt demokrati verdig» (diplomat Kai Eide i Klassekampen)? \",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":82,\"length\":6,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fklassekampen.no\\u002Fartikkel\\u002F2022-05-25\\u002Ffrykter-taktfast-marsj\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-1\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Har det hatt en form som har satt selve det norske demokratiet «på prøve» (religionshistoriker Ingrid Vik og sosiolog Kristian Berg Harpviken i Aftenposten)? \",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:internal\",\"offset\":64,\"length\":8,\"uri\":\"article:0Ga3X0\",\"expandedUri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fmeninger\\u002Fkronikk\\u002Fi\\u002F0Ga3X0\\u002Frusslands-krig-mot-ukraina-er-en-stresstest-av-det-norske-ordskiftet\"}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-2\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Har ytringsrommet for Ukraina-samtaler vært «på størrelse med en «fyrstikkeske» (kommentator Linn Stalsberg i Dagsavisen)? \",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":66,\"length\":12,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.dagsavisen.no\\u002Fkommentar\\u002Frod-tvil-tvilsom-kritikk\\u002F4320142\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-3\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Finnes det i det hele tatt noen ytringsfrihet igjen (forfatter Ketil Bjørnstad i Aftenposten)?\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:internal\",\"offset\":46,\"length\":5,\"uri\":\"article:dRmvJw\",\"expandedUri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fmeninger\\u002Fkronikk\\u002Fi\\u002FdRmvJw\\u002Fketil-bjoernstad-hva-kan-begrunne-en-ny-verdenskrig\"}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-4\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Om vi skal tro disse og andre stemmer i ordskiftet, er svaret på de fire første spørsmålene over ja. Unntaket er det siste, der svaret er nei – Ukraina-debatten har ifølge Bjørnstad langt på vei tatt knekken på ytringsfriheten.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-5\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Forsøk på å bringe nyanser inn i ordskiftet skal ha blitt møtt med undertrykkende hersketeknikker. «Kontrære» synspunkter skal ha blitt holdt nede i et majoritetsdominert og makthaverorientert ytringsmiljø. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-6\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Avvikere som likevel ytret seg, skal ha måttet betale en høy pris. Det angivelig snevre ytringsrommet skal ha kostet enda mer for samfunnet (jurist Anine Kierulf i samtale på Universitetet i Oslo).\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":147,\"length\":14,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.uio.no\\u002Fom\\u002Faktuelt\\u002Funiversitetsplassen\\u002Fdomus-bibliotheca\\u002Farrangementer\\u002F2022\\u002Fubehagelige-samtaler-motstroms.html\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper?\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-7\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Dette skriver seniorforsker ved Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Julie Wilhelmsen i Dagens Næringsliv om ikke navngitte meningsmotstandere:\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":82,\"length\":19,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.dn.no\\u002Finnlegg\\u002Fkrigen-i-ukraina\\u002Frussland\\u002Fytringsfrihet\\u002Finnlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina\\u002F2-1-1196119\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-8\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«Kan hende lykkes man med å feste stigmatiserende og feilaktige merkelapper slik at viktige forskerrøster mister enhver legitimitet. Kan hende lykkes man med å avskaffe gode praksiser som er livsviktige for å opprettholde en kunnskapsbasert og åpen debatt.»\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-9\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Her er Tormod Heiers fremstilling, også denne uten angitt adressat:\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-10\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«Mens russiske missiler regnet over Ukraina og Europa holdt pusten av frykt for at krigen skulle spres til andre land var det bare én ting som gjaldt: å slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina. Kanskje var ikke takhøyden i det norske ytringsrommet så stor likevel?» (Norsk Militært Tidsskrift, nr. 2023\\u002F3)\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-11\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"For «noen» deltagere i debatten skal ordskiftet ikke ha dreid seg om sak, men om å «ta [ ...] ned,» en meningsmotstander. Hvorfor er det blitt slik? Kanskje ligger forklaringen i menneskers psykologi, spekulerer Wilhelmsen:\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":84,\"length\":13,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.khrono.no\\u002Ftror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen\\u002F736805\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":164,\"length\":12,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.khrono.no\\u002Ftror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen\\u002F736805\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-12\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«Det er til dels den menneskelige natur som får utslipp. En krig er en veldig alvorlig situasjon og følelsene settes i sving. Da tror jeg en del mennesker følger sine emosjonelle innskytelser. I stedet for å argumentere på sak, tar de personen. For noen er det nærmest befriende å ha en krig i spaltene, få utslipp for følelsene […].»\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-13\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Også debattanters politiske tilhørighet kan ha spilt en rolle, tror Heier:\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":56,\"length\":5,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fklassekampen.no\\u002Futgave\\u002F2023-05-13\\u002Fputin-skulle-hort-pa-meg\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-14\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«– Det ble et sammenfall av politikere, journalister og forskerkolleger som samlet sett antagelig befinner seg ute på høyresiden, som synes dette var en fin anledning til å ta meg […].»\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-15\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"De skal være særlig ille nettopp i akademia: Fagpersoner velger angivelig å «støtte det som oppfattes som politisk riktig, i stedet for å analysere situasjonen nøkternt». For den enkelte forsker skal det være lettere «å gjenta vurderinger som er moralsk riktige enn å komme med upopulære analyser, selv om de er mer realistiske» (hovedlærer ved Krigsskolen Amund Osflaten).\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":160,\"length\":8,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Finyheter.no\\u002F24\\u002F11\\u002F2025\\u002Flaerer-ved-krigskolen-vestlige-medier-har-skapt-et-feilaktig-bilde-av-krigen-i-ukraina\\u002F?fbclid=IwdGRjcAOS5VBjbGNrA5LlSGV4dG4DYWVtAjExAHNydGMGYXBwX2lkDDM1MDY4NTUzMTcyOAABHlGgmt9efxutglArfTik9gq5uh8pEFuZYeMGJlu3HHUf-y4E0S29bU1R9b7-_aem_XCRoiSusHYt5b6pyuO48Gw\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading-16\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Så ille skal det ha vært\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-17\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Da Fritt Ords Pris 2023 ble delt ut, mente professor Grethe Brochmann, institusjonens styreleder, å kunne slå fast som et faktum at krig også utenfor Norge fører til at «den uavhengige forskningen […] kommer under press», «den akademiske ytringsfriheten utfordres», «kravet om å slutte rekke øker», «avvikende stemmer stemples», og «tilfanget av motstridende argumenter og analyser» svekkes.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":3,\"length\":20,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Ffrittord.no\\u002Fnb\\u002Fpriser\\u002Ffritt-ords-pris\\u002Fjulie-wilhelmsen\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-18\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"I mars 2022 ble et «prinsipielt opprop til støtte for akademisk frihet» (slik presentert av initiativtageren, FNI-direktør Iver B. Neumann, i e-post til potensielle underskrivere) i Khrono signert av 37 utvalgte fagpersoner. Disse hadde alle «ytt [sin] skjerv til et av demokratiets adelsmerker: den frie debatt». Der var derimot andre som grep til «nedsettende personkarakteristikker av meningsmotstandere» og på utilbørlig vis blandet sammen «politisk» og «faglig» virksomhet.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":200,\"length\":23,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.khrono.no\\u002Fopprop-akademisk-frihet\\u002F668515\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":330,\"length\":5,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.vg.no\\u002Fnyheter\\u002Fi\\u002FOrJbnk\\u002Frapport-fra-den-akademiske-andedammen\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":330,\"length\":5}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-19\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Så ille skal det ha vært, at den kompakte majoriteten i Ukraina-debatten ikke vek unna for å bruke metoder som minner om Putins «gjentatte grep for å få kontroll på meningsrommet i Russland».\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":165,\"length\":13,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.dn.no\\u002Finnlegg\\u002Fkrigen-i-ukraina\\u002Frussland\\u002Fytringsfrihet\\u002Finnlegg-skal-debatten-om-norsk-utenriks-og-sikkerhetspolitikk-legges-i-svart-etter-russlands-angrepskrig-mot-ukraina\\u002F2-1-1196119\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-20\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Med andre ord: Vilkårene for «kontrære» røster i Ukraina-debatten kan sammenlignes med situasjonen for opposisjonelle i Putins Russland, for det er overfor disse siste at Putin har tatt «gjentatte grep».\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading-21\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Påstandene stemmer ikke\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-22\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Listen over slike påstander, fra de samme aktørene og fra andre, kan gjøres lengre. Påstandene har minst fire vesentlige fellestrekk:\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-23\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"1) De som angivelig har begått overtramp i debatten, blir ikke identifisert: De er «noen», «andre», «de», «forskerkolleger», «en del» eller andre ikke navngitte enkeltmennesker eller grupper.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-24\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"2) Påstandene er ikke begrunnet, hverken med eksempler eller på annen måte. De blir ikke engang forsøkt begrunnet.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":96,\"length\":7}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-25\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"3) Det lar seg gjøre å undersøke om påstandene faktisk er riktige eller i det minste sannsynlige: Man kan se på hva som faktisk er blitt sagt og skrevet, og man kan se på hvem som faktisk er kommet til orde.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-26\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"4) Påstandene stemmer ikke. Ved hjelp av databasen Retriever har jeg sett på Ukraina-debatten i redaksjonelle medier. I en artikkel i nettutgaven av Vagant legger jeg frem resultatet.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":149,\"length\":6,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.vagant.no\\u002Fukraina-debatt-og-ytringsfrihet\\u002F\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-27\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"De som faktisk har fulgt med i Ukraina-debatten og i dekningen av Russland og Ukraina i for eksempel NRK, vil ikke bli overrasket:\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-28\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«Kontrære» stemmer har ikke vært utsatt for verre «haglskurer» av skjellsord enn sine meningsmotstandere (for ikke å snakke om hva deltagere i andre debatter har opplevd). De er ikke blitt holdt ute fra det offentlige ordskiftet. Faktisk har «kontrære» synspunkter hele tiden hatt en godt synlig og hørbar plass.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":23,\"length\":4},{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":51,\"length\":10,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fklassekampen.no\\u002Futgave\\u002F2022-12-24\\u002Fjuryens-begrunnelse3\\u002Faug2?fbclid=IwAR1xw6d9yKYl0IHo3yZNDPv65kezOLjW4ZsuIIK9hh33Tawhpv3xGjum590\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":178,\"length\":4}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-blockquote\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«Kontrære» stemmer har ikke vært utsatt for verre «haglskurer» av skjellsord enn sine meningsmotstandere\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":23,\"length\":4}]},\"subtype\":\"blockquote\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\",\"layout\":\"extendedContent\"},\"text-29\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Sitatene over beskriver en falsk virkelighet, konstruert av de «kontrære» aktørene selv, med god hjelp fra ukritiske journalister og forvaltere av ytringsfrihetspriser. De angivelig marginaliserte personene har gjentatte ganger fått medienes hjelp til å kringkaste at de er marginaliserte.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-30\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Hvor mange ganger kan en angivelig marginalisert stemme bli portrettintervjuet – og fortsatt gjøre krav på å være marginalisert? Hvor ofte kan et angivelig undertrykt synspunkt fremføres – og fortsatt bli omtalt som undertrykt?\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-31\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Noen få har satt ord og bilde på fenomenet, som VGs kommentator og debattansvarlig Hans-Petter Sjøli i kommentaren «En offerposisjon du ikke kan motstå» (6. februar 2023), illustrert av Morten Mørland.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":115,\"length\":37,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.vg.no\\u002Fnyheter\\u002Fi\\u002F0Qoq9g\\u002Fen-offerposisjon-du-ikke-kan-motstaa\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading-32\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"«Noen» er ikke «sannferdig»\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-33\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Om noe har vært og er problematisk i Ukraina-debatten, er det de stadig gjentatte påstandene om at ikke-navngitte enkeltpersoner, et ikke nærmere definert «noen», «de» eller «mange», ønsker å begrense ytringsrommet generelt og enkeltpersoners ytringsfrihet spesielt.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-34\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Når begrunnet kritikk blir møtt med beskyldninger om at kritikken er et angrep på «ytringsfriheten» og innsnevrer «ytringsrommet», er det dette som bryter med prinsippene for en fri og åpen samtale, for en «god ytringskultur».\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":207,\"length\":17,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.regjeringen.no\\u002Fno\\u002Fdokumenter\\u002Fnou-2022-2\\u002Fid2905589\\u002F\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-35\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"For å overta de «kontræres» eget argument: Noen som er mindre tykkhudet enn forfatteren av denne teksten, kunne faktisk kvie seg for å delta i en debatt der kritikk blir møtt med slike beskyldninger.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-blockquote-36\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Bak ord som «noen», «mange» eller «de» skjuler det seg faktisk eksisterende enkeltpersoner\"},\"subtype\":\"blockquote\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\",\"layout\":\"extendedContent\"},\"text-37\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Det er innholdet i hva som blir sagt, som avgjør om et utsagn er et utilbørlig personangrep. Om adressaten for kritikk eller en påstand er navngitt eller ikke, er i seg selv uten betydning, av en enkel grunn:\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-38\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Bak ord som «noen», «mange» eller «de» skjuler det seg faktisk eksisterende enkeltpersoner.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-39\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Det må ha vært noen i debatten som «stigmatiserte», «mistenkeliggjorde» og «hetset», det må ha vært noen som ville «kneble» motstemmer, det må ha vært noen som ville «slå ring rundt én felles tolkning av hva som hadde skjedd i Ukraina» (Heier i Norsk Militært Tidsskrift 2023\\u002F3, s. 7), det må ha vært noen som fremmet «ensretting og et «svart-hvitt»-narrativ [som] ligner på det Putin holder på med», det må være noen som lar sin «menneskelige natur» slippe løs, følger sine «emosjonelle innskytelser», tar «person» og ikke sak og opplever det som «befriende» å «føre krig i spaltene».\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":15,\"length\":4},{\"type\":\"link:internal\",\"offset\":76,\"length\":6,\"uri\":\"article:OrBrrV\",\"expandedUri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fmeninger\\u002Fkronikk\\u002Fi\\u002FOrBrrV\\u002Fdet-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a\"},{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":100,\"length\":4},{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":151,\"length\":4},{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":301,\"length\":4},{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":337,\"length\":11,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.dn.no\\u002Fmagasinet\\u002Fportrettet\\u002Fjulie-wilhelmsen\\u002Fnupi\\u002Frussland\\u002F-jeg-er-tross-alt-persona-non-grata-i-russland\\u002F2-1-1149061\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":451,\"length\":10,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.khrono.no\\u002Ftror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen\\u002F736805\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":563,\"length\":9,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.khrono.no\\u002Ftror-de-ble-skyteskiver-fordi-onsket-om-ensretting-var-sa-stort-etter-invasjonen\\u002F736805\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-40\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Det er også noen i Ukraina-debatten som ikke er «sannferdige», eller sagt på en annen måte: Det er noen blant kritikerne av de kontrære som farer med løgn.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":12,\"length\":4},{\"type\":\"link:internal\",\"offset\":49,\"length\":11,\"uri\":\"article:OrBrrV\",\"expandedUri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fmeninger\\u002Fkronikk\\u002Fi\\u002FOrBrrV\\u002Fdet-er-forstemmende-naar-noen-uttaler-seg-som-om-de-har-visst-at-krig-var-putins-plan-a\"},{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":99,\"length\":4}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading-41\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Inntar offerrollen\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-42\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Prominente fagpersoner som selv har søkt offentlighetens søkelys med sine kommentarer og analyser, har svart på kritikk med å innta offerrollen – heiet frem av journalister, meningsfeller og prisutdelere. Dette har det i det minste to konsekvenser.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-43\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"For det første: Oppmerksomheten dreies bort fra det ordskiftet egentlig gjelder, til fordel for spekulasjoner om meningsmotstanderes angivelig nedrige motiver for sine utsagn og analyser. Utvalgte eksperter blir intervjuet om seg selv og sin rolle som undertrykt meningsminoritet – og dette mens Ukraina kjemper en desperat kamp for å overleve som nasjon og stat.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:em\",\"offset\":223,\"length\":11}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-44\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"For det andre: Når offerrollen først er etablert, kan enhver kritikk av påstander og argumenter avfeies som illegitime personangrep – uten ytterligere begrunnelse.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-45\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Slik motvirkes den saklige meningsbrytningen og det «åpne og opplyste» ordskiftet som «ofrene», journalistene og utdelerne av priser for ytringsfrihet angivelig er så opptatt av å forsvare.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"article-marker-end\":{\"type\":\"article-marker\",\"subtype\":\"end\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"widget-brand-metrics-survey\":{\"type\":\"widget\",\"subtype\":\"brand-metrics-survey\",\"key\":\"brand-metrics-survey\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\",\"impressionTracking\":{\"object\":{\"@id\":\"sdrn:aftenposten:article:JO1RXJ:element:brand-metrics-survey\",\"@type\":\"UIElement\",\"spt:custom\":{\"position\":{\"bundlePosition\":1,\"columnName\":\"main\"},\"layout\":{}},\"elementType\":\"Widget\",\"layout\":{},\"page\":{\"@id\":\"sdrn:aftenposten:article:JO1RXJ\",\"@type\":\"Article\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fmeninger\\u002Fkronikk\\u002Fi\\u002FJO1RXJ\\u002Fer-kontraere-stemmer-blitt-marginalisert-i-den-norske-ukraina-debatten-jeg-har-undersoekt\"},\"placement\":{\"primaryPosition\":1,\"columnName\":\"main\",\"source\":\"brand-metrics-survey\"}},\"target\":{}},\"clickTracking\":{\"object\":{\"@id\":\"sdrn:aftenposten:article:JO1RXJ:element:brand-metrics-survey\",\"@type\":\"UIElement\",\"spt:custom\":{\"position\":{\"bundlePosition\":1,\"columnName\":\"main\"},\"layout\":{}},\"elementType\":\"Widget\",\"layout\":{},\"page\":{\"@id\":\"sdrn:aftenposten:article:JO1RXJ\",\"@type\":\"Article\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fmeninger\\u002Fkronikk\\u002Fi\\u002FJO1RXJ\\u002Fer-kontraere-stemmer-blitt-marginalisert-i-den-norske-ukraina-debatten-jeg-har-undersoekt\"},\"placement\":{\"primaryPosition\":1,\"columnName\":\"main\",\"source\":\"brand-metrics-survey\"}},\"target\":{},\"action\":\"Click\"}},\"core-comments\":{\"type\":\"core-comments\",\"newsroom\":\"ap\",\"articleId\":\"JO1RXJ\",\"contentType\":\"article\",\"commentsCount\":4,\"appCommentsURL\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fcomments.aftenposten.no\\u002Fembedded-webview.html?p=ap&contentType=article&contentId=JO1RXJ&contentPublisher=ap\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"cta-box-cta-box-bottom\":{\"type\":\"cta-box\",\"subtype\":\"cta-box-bottom\",\"disableFreeArticleSharing\":false,\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"widget-recirculation-matrix\":{\"type\":\"widget\",\"subtype\":\"recirculation-matrix\",\"key\":\"related-articles\",\"title\":{\"value\":\"Krigen i Ukraina\"},\"items\":[{\"type\":\"bundle\",\"subtype\":\"related-articles-storytag\",\"items\":[{\"type\":\"teaser\",\"subtype\":\"medium\",\"layout\":\"medium\",\"target\":{\"type\":\"link:internal\",\"uri\":\"article:16keMG\",\"expandedUri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fverden\\u002Fnyhetsanalyse\\u002Fi\\u002F16keMG\\u002Ftrumps-fredsplan-for-ukraina-ligner-noe-fra-5-klasse\"},\"title\":{\"value\":\"Trump ville ha fred før jul. Hans nye fredsplan viser at han er enda mer interessert i noe helt annet.\"},\"standfirst\":{\"value\":\"NYHETSANALYSE: Er det lenger noen grunn til å smiske med Trump? 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   "source_updated_at" : "2025-12-13 20:09:01",
   "summary" : "Kronikk av Sven G. Holtsmark.",
   "tags" : null,
   "title" : "Hvor ofte kan et angivelig undertrykt synspunkt fremføres – og fortsatt bli omtalt som undertrykt?",
   "twitter_title" : null,
   "version" : 1
}