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   "content" : "# Oppdagelser om immunsystemet kan gi gjennombrudd i behandling av kreft og betennelsessykdommer\n\n## Oppdagelsene bak prisen\n\n## Om innleggsforfatterne\n\n## Sikkerhetsvakter\n\n## Ny behandling mot udekkede medisinske behov\n\nNobelprisen i medisin understreker verdien av grunnforskning.\n\nNobelprisen i [medisin](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/summary/) deles ut 10. desember i Stockholm. Prisen går i år til Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell og Shimon Sakaguchi. Forskerne får prisen for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og [skader kroppen](/verden/i/kwA65L/de-forsket-paa-hvordan-en-hindrer-kroppen-aa-skade-seg-selv-hedret-med-nobelpris).\n\nImmunsystemet vårt skal beskytte oss mot infeksjoner med virus og bakterier. Om du rammes av influensa i vinter, må kroppens immunsystem mobilisere celler som gjenkjenner viruset som fremmed. Så må disse immuncellene formere seg til en stor «hær» som kan finne og drepe virusinfiserte celler.\n\nDerfor tar det en ukes tid før immuncellene har bekjempet sykdommen. Etter det må hæren «demobilisere», og da trenger kroppen mekanismer som demper aktiveringen av immunsystemet.\n\nSakaguchi oppdaget hvordan en ny type immunceller, som han kalte regulatoriske T-celler, hemmer andre immunceller og forhindrer at immunsystemet angriper eget vev.\n\n**June H. Myklebust**, professor, PRIMA (SFF) ved Universitetet i Oslo og forskningsgruppeleder, Seksjon for kreftimmunologi, Institutt for kreftforskning, Oslo universitetssykehus.\n\nBrunkow og Ramsdell studerte mus med en arvelig, alvorlig immundefekt som ble oppdaget ved forskning på strålingsskader i det såkalte Manhattan-prosjektet. De fant ut at sykdommen skyldes endringer (mutasjoner) i genet FoxP3.\n\nDe viste også at Ipex-syndromet, en alvorlig autoimmun sykdom som rammer gutter, skyldes mutasjoner i FoxP3. Uten behandling (beinmargstransplantasjon) dør disse barna kun uker etter fødsel.\n\nSakaguchi koblet deretter sammen oppdagelsene og viste at FoxP3 er en «hovedbryter» som definerer egenskapene til regulatoriske T-celler ved å regulere uttrykk av mer enn 600 proteiner som særpreger denne celletypen.\n\nDisse funnene og senere oppdagelser har åpnet et stort forskningsfelt for hvordan regulatoriske T-celler påvirker en rekke sykdommer, samt hvordan denne kunnskapen kan utnyttes terapeutisk.\n\nRegulatoriske T-celler ivaretar immuntoleranse, det vil si at de forhindrer autoimmune reaksjoner i kroppen.\n\nPå verdensbasis rammer autoimmune sykdommer én av ti personer. For lavt antall eller for lite virksomme regulatoriske T-celler kan ha betydning i utvikling av inflammatorisk tarmsykdom, hypertyreose og diabetes type 1.\n\nRegulatoriske T-celler hindrer også forkastelse av fosteret ved graviditet, de kontrollerer betennelse og demper revmatiske sykdommer.\n\nI tillegg har regulatoriske T-celler en viktig rolle i å regulere immunresponser under infeksjoner ved å forhindre at immunsystemet blir overaktivt.\n\nVed kreft ser man motsatt effekt: Antallet regulatoriske celler i svulstene er økt, eller cellene har økt aktivitet. Regulatoriske T-celler utgjør derfor en barriere for ulike former for immunterapi mot kreft.\n\nNobelprisvinnernes oppdagelser gir innsikt i hvor viktig det er å ha både «gass» og «brems» for å styre immunsystemet og hvordan denne balansen kan feile ved sykdom. Funnene har derfor stort potensial som kan utnyttes ved behandling av sykdommer.\n\nDet pågår legemiddelutvikling med kliniske studier i tidlig fase som undersøker måter å øke aktiviteten til regulatoriske T-celler på for behandling av autoimmune sykdommer, allergier og for å hindre avstøtninger ved transplantasjoner.\n\nVed kreft forsøker man derimot å lage ny behandling som «tar foten av bremsen» ved å dempe aktiviteten til de regulatoriske T-cellene og dermed slippe løs andre immunceller som kan drepe kreftcellene, noe som må skje uten å utløse autoimmunitet.\n\nNy behandling som forbedrer immuntoleransen gjennom å øke antallet regulatoriske T-celler, kan tenkes å bli brukt for behandling av et bredt spekter av autoimmune sykdommer.\n\nSå langt har man forsøkt å ekspandere og aktivere regulatoriske T-celler i pasientene ved å gi vekstfaktorer. En alternativ og mer lovende metode er å benytte celleterapi ved å høste kroppens egne regulatoriske T-celler fra blod, ekspandere dem i stort antall i laboratoriet og tilbakeføre disse til pasienten.\n\nVed celleterapi kan man også endre de regulatoriske T-cellene ved å korrigere FoxP3-mutasjonene som forårsaker Ipex-syndromet eller programmere dem om til å bli glutenreaktive i behandling av cøliaki.\n\nRegulatoriske T-celler kan genetisk modifiseres ved celleterapi for så å målrette dem til spesifikke organer eller for å behandle revmatologiske sykdommer.\n\nMotsatt, ved å hemme de regulatoriske T-cellenes aktivitet kan man gjøre annen immunterapi mer effektiv i behandling av kreft.\n\nDet er flere norske forskningsgrupper som jobber med ulike slike prosjekter på regulatoriske T-celler.\n\nNy immunterapi rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler vil kunne dekke medisinske behov og komplettere dagens behandling. Den viser hvordan en grunnleggende forståelse av immuntoleranse kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for både autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.\n\nSelv om ingen medisinske produkter rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler er tilgjengelige i dag, forventer vi store fremskritt i tiden fremover.\n\n- [June H. MyklebustProfessor](http://aftenposten.no/av/june-h-myklebust)\n- [Ludvig M. SollidProfessor](http://aftenposten.no/av/ludvig-m-sollid)\n- [Kjell TaskénProfessor](http://aftenposten.no/av/kjell-tasken)",
   "created_at" : "2025-12-09 23:26:57",
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   "metadata" : "{\"is_paywalled\":1,\"keywords\":[],\"raw_feed_item\":\"<item>\\n            <title><![CDATA[Kan gi gjennombrudd i behandling av kreft og betennelsessykdommer]]></title>\\n            <link>https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/5pVLlW/oppdagelser-om-immunsystemet-kan-gi-gjennombrudd-i-behandling-av-kreft-og-betennelsessykdommer</link>\\n            <guid>https://www.aftenposten.no/i/5pVLlW</guid>\\n            <pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2025 22:40:22 GMT</pubDate>\\n            <description><![CDATA[Kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.]]></description>\\n            <enclosure length=\\\"65535\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" url=\\\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/f22e11d3-b129-44ca-bf48-6854b5e2547e?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1152&amp;tight=true&amp;w=2048&amp;s=6643015fb75ab24404d261b4147d1e739dea4934\\\" />\\n        </item>\",\"published_at\":\"2025-12-09 22:40:22\",\"image_url\":\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/35fa76ef-eb1a-4a0f-94d9-7d4f4591b342?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1365&w=2048&s=024f0b718ad40922c30c6cf7283779098b9c49d1\",\"og\":{\"image:height\":\"1365\",\"url\":\"https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/5pVLlW/oppdagelser-om-immunsystemet-kan-gi-gjennombrudd-i-behandling-av-kreft-og-betennelsessykdommer\",\"description\":\"Kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.\",\"title\":\"Nobelprisen i medisin: Vi forventer store fremskritt i tiden fremover\",\"image\":\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/35fa76ef-eb1a-4a0f-94d9-7d4f4591b342?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1365&w=2048&s=024f0b718ad40922c30c6cf7283779098b9c49d1\",\"type\":\"article\",\"image:width\":\"2048\"},\"author\":\"\",\"schema\":{\"microdata\":{\"datePublished\":\"25. oktober\"}},\"twitter\":{},\"meta\":{\"theme-color\":\"#fff\",\"mobile-web-app-capable\":\"yes\",\"apple-mobile-web-app-title\":\"Aftenposten\",\"msapplication-TileImage\":\"/cnp-assets/favicon-6c399f1f/mstile-144x144.png\",\"apple-mobile-web-app-capable\":\"yes\",\"application-name\":\"Aftenposten\",\"viewport\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\",\"msapplication-TileColor\":\"#fff\",\"apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style\":\"black-translucent\",\"robots\":\"max-image-preview:large\",\"msapplication-config\":\"/cnp-assets/favicon-6c399f1f/browserconfig.xml\",\"description\":\"Kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.\"},\"title\":\"Nobelprisen i medisin: Vi forventer store fremskritt i tiden fremover\",\"source_updated_at\":\"2025-12-09 11:01:11\",\"description\":\"Kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.\",\"content\":\"# Oppdagelser om immunsystemet kan gi gjennombrudd i behandling av kreft og betennelsessykdommer\\n\\n## Oppdagelsene bak prisen\\n\\n## Om innleggsforfatterne\\n\\n## Sikkerhetsvakter\\n\\n## Ny behandling mot udekkede medisinske behov\\n\\nNobelprisen i medisin understreker verdien av grunnforskning.\\n\\nNobelprisen i [medisin](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/summary/) deles ut 10. desember i Stockholm. Prisen går i år til Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell og Shimon Sakaguchi. Forskerne får prisen for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og [skader kroppen](/verden/i/kwA65L/de-forsket-paa-hvordan-en-hindrer-kroppen-aa-skade-seg-selv-hedret-med-nobelpris).\\n\\nImmunsystemet vårt skal beskytte oss mot infeksjoner med virus og bakterier. Om du rammes av influensa i vinter, må kroppens immunsystem mobilisere celler som gjenkjenner viruset som fremmed. Så må disse immuncellene formere seg til en stor «hær» som kan finne og drepe virusinfiserte celler.\\n\\nDerfor tar det en ukes tid før immuncellene har bekjempet sykdommen. Etter det må hæren «demobilisere», og da trenger kroppen mekanismer som demper aktiveringen av immunsystemet.\\n\\nSakaguchi oppdaget hvordan en ny type immunceller, som han kalte regulatoriske T-celler, hemmer andre immunceller og forhindrer at immunsystemet angriper eget vev.\\n\\n**June H. Myklebust**, professor, PRIMA (SFF) ved Universitetet i Oslo og forskningsgruppeleder, Seksjon for kreftimmunologi, Institutt for kreftforskning, Oslo universitetssykehus.\\n\\nBrunkow og Ramsdell studerte mus med en arvelig, alvorlig immundefekt som ble oppdaget ved forskning på strålingsskader i det såkalte Manhattan-prosjektet. De fant ut at sykdommen skyldes endringer (mutasjoner) i genet FoxP3.\\n\\nDe viste også at Ipex-syndromet, en alvorlig autoimmun sykdom som rammer gutter, skyldes mutasjoner i FoxP3. Uten behandling (beinmargstransplantasjon) dør disse barna kun uker etter fødsel.\\n\\nSakaguchi koblet deretter sammen oppdagelsene og viste at FoxP3 er en «hovedbryter» som definerer egenskapene til regulatoriske T-celler ved å regulere uttrykk av mer enn 600 proteiner som særpreger denne celletypen.\\n\\nDisse funnene og senere oppdagelser har åpnet et stort forskningsfelt for hvordan regulatoriske T-celler påvirker en rekke sykdommer, samt hvordan denne kunnskapen kan utnyttes terapeutisk.\\n\\nRegulatoriske T-celler ivaretar immuntoleranse, det vil si at de forhindrer autoimmune reaksjoner i kroppen.\\n\\nPå verdensbasis rammer autoimmune sykdommer én av ti personer. For lavt antall eller for lite virksomme regulatoriske T-celler kan ha betydning i utvikling av inflammatorisk tarmsykdom, hypertyreose og diabetes type 1.\\n\\nRegulatoriske T-celler hindrer også forkastelse av fosteret ved graviditet, de kontrollerer betennelse og demper revmatiske sykdommer.\\n\\nI tillegg har regulatoriske T-celler en viktig rolle i å regulere immunresponser under infeksjoner ved å forhindre at immunsystemet blir overaktivt.\\n\\nVed kreft ser man motsatt effekt: Antallet regulatoriske celler i svulstene er økt, eller cellene har økt aktivitet. Regulatoriske T-celler utgjør derfor en barriere for ulike former for immunterapi mot kreft.\\n\\nNobelprisvinnernes oppdagelser gir innsikt i hvor viktig det er å ha både «gass» og «brems» for å styre immunsystemet og hvordan denne balansen kan feile ved sykdom. Funnene har derfor stort potensial som kan utnyttes ved behandling av sykdommer.\\n\\nDet pågår legemiddelutvikling med kliniske studier i tidlig fase som undersøker måter å øke aktiviteten til regulatoriske T-celler på for behandling av autoimmune sykdommer, allergier og for å hindre avstøtninger ved transplantasjoner.\\n\\nVed kreft forsøker man derimot å lage ny behandling som «tar foten av bremsen» ved å dempe aktiviteten til de regulatoriske T-cellene og dermed slippe løs andre immunceller som kan drepe kreftcellene, noe som må skje uten å utløse autoimmunitet.\\n\\nNy behandling som forbedrer immuntoleransen gjennom å øke antallet regulatoriske T-celler, kan tenkes å bli brukt for behandling av et bredt spekter av autoimmune sykdommer.\\n\\nSå langt har man forsøkt å ekspandere og aktivere regulatoriske T-celler i pasientene ved å gi vekstfaktorer. En alternativ og mer lovende metode er å benytte celleterapi ved å høste kroppens egne regulatoriske T-celler fra blod, ekspandere dem i stort antall i laboratoriet og tilbakeføre disse til pasienten.\\n\\nVed celleterapi kan man også endre de regulatoriske T-cellene ved å korrigere FoxP3-mutasjonene som forårsaker Ipex-syndromet eller programmere dem om til å bli glutenreaktive i behandling av cøliaki.\\n\\nRegulatoriske T-celler kan genetisk modifiseres ved celleterapi for så å målrette dem til spesifikke organer eller for å behandle revmatologiske sykdommer.\\n\\nMotsatt, ved å hemme de regulatoriske T-cellenes aktivitet kan man gjøre annen immunterapi mer effektiv i behandling av kreft.\\n\\nDet er flere norske forskningsgrupper som jobber med ulike slike prosjekter på regulatoriske T-celler.\\n\\nNy immunterapi rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler vil kunne dekke medisinske behov og komplettere dagens behandling. Den viser hvordan en grunnleggende forståelse av immuntoleranse kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for både autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.\\n\\nSelv om ingen medisinske produkter rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler er tilgjengelige i dag, forventer vi store fremskritt i tiden fremover.\\n\\n- [June H. MyklebustProfessor](http://aftenposten.no/av/june-h-myklebust)\\n- [Ludvig M. SollidProfessor](http://aftenposten.no/av/ludvig-m-sollid)\\n- [Kjell TaskénProfessor](http://aftenposten.no/av/kjell-tasken)\"}",
   "og_title" : "Nobelprisen i medisin: Vi forventer store fremskritt i tiden fremover",
   "published_at" : "2025-12-09 22:40:22",
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class=\"advertory-aftenposten-skyscraperleft_1-wrapper\"><div id=\"skyscraperleft_1\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-skyscraperleft_1\"></div></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-yck6b5\"><div class=\"page-layout-supertop hyperion-css-1499hb2\"><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-topboard-wrapper\"><div id=\"topboard\" style=\"min-height:150px\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-topboard\"></div></div><div class=\"advertory-wrapper-common-wallpaper wallpaper\"><div id=\"wallpaper\" class=\"advertory-common-wallpaper disable-cogwheel\"></div></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-dz5hzo\"><article class=\"article-wrapper-5pVLlW\"><div class=\"opinion running-head extendedContent hyperion-css-1z06dqh\" data-test-tag=\"running-head\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-7enjca\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/meninger/debatt\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Debatt\" theme=\"opinion\">Debatt</a></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-semo9s\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tag/medisin\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Medisin\" theme=\"opinion\">Medisin</a></div></div><h1 class=\"extendedContent h1 hyperion-css-j2lk82\" data-test-tag=\"headline\">Oppdagelser om immunsystemet kan gi gjennombrudd i behandling av kreft og betennelsessykdommer</h1><div class=\"extendedContent hyperion-css-cgw1f6\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-13cyg6p\" data-test-tag=\"byline\" data-testid=\"byline\"><ul data-test-tag=\"byline:authors\" data-testid=\"byline:authors\" class=\"hyperion-css-zsib83\"><li class=\"hyperion-css-10c38m6\"><a title=\"Se journalistens profil: June H. Myklebust\" aria-label=\"Se journalistens profil: June H. Myklebust\" href=\"http://aftenposten.no/av/june-h-myklebust\" class=\"hyperion-css-1u7c6r7\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-0\"><span class=\"byline-name hyperion-css-1ftacoo\" data-test-tag=\"byline:author-name\" data-testid=\"byline:author-name\">June H. Myklebust</span><div class=\"hyperion-css-c2jcik\">Professor</div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-10c38m6\"><a title=\"Se journalistens profil: Ludvig M. Sollid\" aria-label=\"Se journalistens profil: Ludvig M. Sollid\" href=\"http://aftenposten.no/av/ludvig-m-sollid\" class=\"hyperion-css-1u7c6r7\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-0\"><span class=\"byline-name hyperion-css-1ftacoo\" data-test-tag=\"byline:author-name\" data-testid=\"byline:author-name\">Ludvig M. Sollid</span><div class=\"hyperion-css-c2jcik\">Professor</div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-10c38m6\"><a title=\"Se journalistens profil: Kjell Taskén\" aria-label=\"Se journalistens profil: Kjell Taskén\" href=\"http://aftenposten.no/av/kjell-tasken\" class=\"hyperion-css-1u7c6r7\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-0\"><span class=\"byline-name hyperion-css-1ftacoo\" data-test-tag=\"byline:author-name\" data-testid=\"byline:author-name\">Kjell Taskén</span><div class=\"hyperion-css-c2jcik\">Professor</div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-ytalhi\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-upuxee\"><div class=\"contentWidth hyperion-css-eemj7d\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-152x5og\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1xdhyk6\"></div></div></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-6kzd76\"></div></div><figure data-test-tag=\"image\" class=\"image fullWidthDesktop top stretch-image-asset-on-mobile landscape hyperion-css-mochwu\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-u06ts1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1365&amp;w=2048&amp;s=b1a27406132c62e1f65238748dca5cdf4b92ec87\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1365&amp;w=2048&amp;s=b1a27406132c62e1f65238748dca5cdf4b92ec87 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=960&amp;w=1440&amp;s=5da041993adae1a7925ebec5b4702c3c2092f890 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=683&amp;w=1024&amp;s=07f4b47a96a860df2b1f43c20ce25d18003f9846 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=653&amp;w=980&amp;s=b5efe6363189ef88802f02b56c68555da65676d4 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=520&amp;w=780&amp;s=601322558207b88476f029742fd8635164751a1d 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=387&amp;w=580&amp;s=63cffc0615870569edddf9e13313668ea62486ba 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=253&amp;w=380&amp;s=29b1e71d1e7d76feaae2479583dcdd4a1b7b3a27 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=133&amp;w=200&amp;s=d9664aa292aa3b3696a4702f95602e5e1aa528d7 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/721f52d1-b902-465b-a6e7-aed4d97aa181?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=67&amp;w=100&amp;s=5573e8dc2c90ffd662481c5c69f543ef64ed2bc2 100w\" alt=\"Fred Ramsdell, Mary Brunkow og Shimon Sakaguchi får nobelprisen i medisin for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og skader kroppen. Prisen deles ut i Stockholm onsdag.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 380px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1365\"/><figcaption class=\"image-figcaption hyperion-css-1ksg4fz\" data-test-tag=\"image:caption\"><span class=\"image-caption\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Fred Ramsdell, Mary Brunkow og Shimon Sakaguchi får nobelprisen i medisin for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og skader kroppen. Prisen deles ut i Stockholm onsdag.</span><span class=\"image-byline hyperion-css-161dy2i\"> Foto: Henrik Montgomery, Reuters/NTB</span></figcaption></figure><p class=\"contentWidth hyperion-css-1mepuqa\" data-test-tag=\"lead-text\">Nobelprisen i medisin understreker verdien av grunnforskning.</p><div class=\"paywall hyperion-css-h9wc15\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-09T22:40:22Z\" aria-label=\"Publisert: 09.12.2025 23:40\">Publisert: 09.12.2025 23:40</time></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Nobelprisen i <a aria-label=\"medisin\" class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1raymq9\" href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-test-tag=\"external-link\">medisin</a> deles ut 10. desember i Stockholm. Prisen går i år til Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell og Shimon Sakaguchi. Forskerne får prisen for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og <a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/verden/i/kwA65L/de-forsket-paa-hvordan-en-hindrer-kroppen-aa-skade-seg-selv-hedret-med-nobelpris\" class=\"hyperion-css-1raymq9\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"skader kroppen\" theme=\"opinion\">skader kroppen</a>.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Immunsystemet vårt skal beskytte oss mot infeksjoner med virus og bakterier. Om du rammes av influensa i vinter, må kroppens immunsystem mobilisere celler som gjenkjenner viruset som fremmed. Så må disse immuncellene formere seg til en stor «hær» som kan finne og drepe virusinfiserte celler. </p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_1\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Derfor tar det en ukes tid før immuncellene har bekjempet sykdommen. Etter det må hæren «demobilisere», og da trenger kroppen mekanismer som demper aktiveringen av immunsystemet.</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Oppdagelsene bak prisen</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Sakaguchi oppdaget hvordan en ny type immunceller, som han kalte regulatoriske T-celler, hemmer andre immunceller og forhindrer at immunsystemet angriper eget vev. </p><aside class=\"opinion paywall factbox-collapsed hyperion-css-100mm37\" data-test-tag=\"factbox\" aria-label=\"Fakta\"><header class=\"hyperion-css-0\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1wr3f93\">Om innleggsforfatterne</h2></header><div id=\"factContent15-fact\" class=\"factbox-body-wrapper hyperion-css-897noe\"><p class=\"hyperion-css-ffjyk2\"><strong>June H. Myklebust</strong>, professor, PRIMA (SFF) ved Universitetet i Oslo og forskningsgruppeleder, Seksjon for kreftimmunologi, Institutt for kreftforskning, Oslo universitetssykehus.</p></div><button class=\"opinion button hyperion-css-lpg8j4\" aria-label=\"Vis mer\" aria-controls=\"factContent15-fact\" aria-expanded=\"false\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"text hyperion-css-1r5gb7q\">Vis mer</span><div class=\"hyperion-css-0\"></div></button></aside><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Brunkow og Ramsdell studerte mus med en arvelig, alvorlig immundefekt som ble oppdaget ved forskning på strålingsskader i det såkalte Manhattan-prosjektet. De fant ut at sykdommen skyldes endringer (mutasjoner) i genet FoxP3. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">De viste også at Ipex-syndromet, en alvorlig autoimmun sykdom som rammer gutter, skyldes mutasjoner i FoxP3. Uten behandling (beinmargstransplantasjon) dør disse barna kun uker etter fødsel.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Sakaguchi koblet deretter sammen oppdagelsene og viste at FoxP3 er en «hovedbryter» som definerer egenskapene til regulatoriske T-celler ved å regulere uttrykk av mer enn 600 proteiner som særpreger denne celletypen. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Disse funnene og senere oppdagelser har åpnet et stort forskningsfelt for hvordan regulatoriske T-celler påvirker en rekke sykdommer, samt hvordan denne kunnskapen kan utnyttes terapeutisk.</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Sikkerhetsvakter</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Regulatoriske T-celler ivaretar immuntoleranse, det vil si at de forhindrer autoimmune reaksjoner i kroppen. </p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"brandboard\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">På verdensbasis rammer autoimmune sykdommer én av ti personer. For lavt antall eller for lite virksomme regulatoriske T-celler kan ha betydning i utvikling av inflammatorisk tarmsykdom, hypertyreose og diabetes type 1. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Regulatoriske T-celler hindrer også forkastelse av fosteret ved graviditet, de kontrollerer betennelse og demper revmatiske sykdommer. </p><figure data-test-tag=\"image\" class=\"image extendedContent stretch-image-asset-on-mobile landscape hyperion-css-1dzjuby\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-u06ts1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1365&amp;w=2048&amp;s=d78a55d4f1169b972ffa02d4ade1d441f9c76caa\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1365&amp;w=2048&amp;s=d78a55d4f1169b972ffa02d4ade1d441f9c76caa 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=960&amp;w=1440&amp;s=cd5e164ca2304480d0023e17b3415501ad26fa61 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=683&amp;w=1024&amp;s=ba1c44dcce42006b3cb1f6a95de38d8f1d412046 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=653&amp;w=980&amp;s=957a0de0f479b61f41aef58dd7aa039a49c5453e 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=520&amp;w=780&amp;s=bb09eff67fb691ccb9ae671a27caf97ce8ce8ead 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=387&amp;w=580&amp;s=1e673fd49ea8819a0e9a96854c8312a46490df91 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=253&amp;w=380&amp;s=8b9962da129cb932ddca7fd84df6ef65c7f2cdcf 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=133&amp;w=200&amp;s=f3decf10341b637ab2b8bce803b656eaf194720b 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=67&amp;w=100&amp;s=f7fa22059c31b48bd915386177fd089f19e12687 100w\" alt=\"Den amerikanske biologen og immunologen Mary Brunkow.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 380px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1365\"/><figcaption class=\"image-figcaption hyperion-css-1ksg4fz\" data-test-tag=\"image:caption\"><span class=\"image-caption\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Den amerikanske biologen og immunologen Mary Brunkow.</span><span class=\"image-byline hyperion-css-161dy2i\"> Foto: Henrik Montgomery, Reuters/NTB</span></figcaption></figure><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">I tillegg har regulatoriske T-celler en viktig rolle i å regulere immunresponser under infeksjoner ved å forhindre at immunsystemet blir overaktivt. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Ved kreft ser man motsatt effekt: Antallet regulatoriske celler i svulstene er økt, eller cellene har økt aktivitet. Regulatoriske T-celler utgjør derfor en barriere for ulike former for immunterapi mot kreft. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Nobelprisvinnernes oppdagelser gir innsikt i hvor viktig det er å ha både «gass» og «brems» for å styre immunsystemet og hvordan denne balansen kan feile ved sykdom. Funnene har derfor stort potensial som kan utnyttes ved behandling av sykdommer.</p><h2 class=\"paywall hyperion-css-npxxyf\" data-test-tag=\"paragraph-header\">Ny behandling mot udekkede medisinske behov</h2><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Det pågår legemiddelutvikling med kliniske studier i tidlig fase som undersøker måter å øke aktiviteten til regulatoriske T-celler på for behandling av autoimmune sykdommer, allergier og for å hindre avstøtninger ved transplantasjoner. </p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_2\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Ved kreft forsøker man derimot å lage ny behandling som «tar foten av bremsen» ved å dempe aktiviteten til de regulatoriske T-cellene og dermed slippe løs andre immunceller som kan drepe kreftcellene, noe som må skje uten å utløse autoimmunitet.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Ny behandling som forbedrer immuntoleransen gjennom å øke antallet regulatoriske T-celler, kan tenkes å bli brukt for behandling av et bredt spekter av autoimmune sykdommer. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Så langt har man forsøkt å ekspandere og aktivere regulatoriske T-celler i pasientene ved å gi vekstfaktorer. En alternativ og mer lovende metode er å benytte celleterapi ved å høste kroppens egne regulatoriske T-celler fra blod, ekspandere dem i stort antall i laboratoriet og tilbakeføre disse til pasienten. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Ved celleterapi kan man også endre de regulatoriske T-cellene ved å korrigere FoxP3-mutasjonene som forårsaker Ipex-syndromet eller programmere dem om til å bli glutenreaktive i behandling av cøliaki. </p><div class=\"opinion extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-15ic3dq\"><blockquote data-test-tag=\"blockquote\" class=\"hyperion-css-qsvb07\">Ny immunterapi rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler vil kunne dekke medisinske behov og komplettere dagens behandling</blockquote></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Regulatoriske T-celler kan genetisk modifiseres ved celleterapi for så å målrette dem til spesifikke organer eller for å behandle revmatologiske sykdommer. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Motsatt, ved å hemme de regulatoriske T-cellenes aktivitet kan man gjøre annen immunterapi mer effektiv i behandling av kreft. </p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Det er flere norske forskningsgrupper som jobber med ulike slike prosjekter på regulatoriske T-celler.</p><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_3\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Ny immunterapi rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler vil kunne dekke medisinske behov og komplettere dagens behandling. Den viser hvordan en grunnleggende forståelse av immuntoleranse kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for både autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.</p><p class=\"paywall hyperion-css-1j42uic\">Selv om ingen medisinske produkter rettet mot regulatoriske T-celler er tilgjengelige i dag, forventer vi store fremskritt i tiden fremover. </p></article><div id=\"brandmetrics-survey\" class=\"advertory-brandmetrics-survey\"></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1lkfsxc\"><button aria-label=\"Vis kommentarer\" title=\"Vis kommentarer\" type=\"button\" class=\"hyperion-css-1q6qqhb\"> <!-- -->Vis<!-- --> <!-- -->kommentarer</button></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1yxx8oe\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1jbnpry\"><button type=\"button\" title=\"Kopier URL til utklippstavle\" aria-label=\"Kopier URL til utklippstavle\" class=\"hyperion-css-pdsgro\">Kopier lenke</button><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tips\" class=\"hyperion-css-1f62hkp\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Tips oss\">Tips oss</a></div></div><div id=\"widget-recirculation-matrix\" class=\"extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-177q39v\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-r57xc5\" data-test-tag=\"widget:title\">Les videre</h2><div class=\"bundle extendedContent hyperion-css-cbecqi\"><ol class=\"hyperion-css-1700tdj\"><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/amagasinet/i/bmRAL3/helene-ragnhild-er-kreftfri\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium magazine-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Helseprofilen trodde hun hadde prolaps da legen ringte\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-n6kkq1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=3cc093a068bf5765c1b5e1e273644770aed897d8\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=3cc093a068bf5765c1b5e1e273644770aed897d8 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=36e6c306dfb2ec80f7cd6edb0e0656a1802c3e41 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=366db00bc6e9db38633b61571ad33e9178e03a16 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=5ece375cb15aaa7fdbc90754e0a800a1e4578802 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=77f87e68b35fa937567a668773806ee966997780 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=3beebe8b4410d9e3220d2094d4024c667efcc2a0 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=b6429d9344ed1f079c6172686fcc135ee8a315f4 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=0c410adcae381e465f70881254d10291bfda315e 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/bca3c9e4-9762-470b-9abe-3e0a68126366?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=942ccf4b2002e91e54f63157481c697101c123a7 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1536\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">A-MAGASINET<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-10-24T17:45:01Z\" aria-label=\"2025-10-24T17:45:01Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">24. oktober</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">Helseprofilen trodde hun hadde prolaps da legen ringte</h2></div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/norge/i/wrEApM/kan-man-kurere-influensa-vi-spurte-en-ekspert\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium news-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Influensa? – Kroppen forteller oss hvordan man skal kurere sykdom\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-n6kkq1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=7a7462495dae40a37943c86fa550ebf5ee382870\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=7a7462495dae40a37943c86fa550ebf5ee382870 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=0bd5508c4eb9ad6c89fc5d31fbf14c179ce584f2 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=3aaf6afe0dd0e4e1ad5769ebc72e5031e23c7856 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=a45ea42f3f0c7a98f009c0525e3d3d39ff0ba86c 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=d86a61381373bc0ade954ec7eb4aca0a22a17b5c 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=aac5eb7ad7d0fafd11aa1591a6b483840ccc88c5 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=f86073fc3539ad9e9839fae914bdad4bb1a34275 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=ed0ce5f8beeb5371fdc6af0b533c58a316649455 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/2a19d980-d8a7-4de5-ba17-10baff99e003?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=e055d4585accda59ef3d3e694406246e2106dca2 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1536\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">NORGE<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-12-06T11:34:17Z\" aria-label=\"2025-12-06T11:34:17Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">6. desember</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">Influensa? – Kroppen forteller oss hvordan man skal kurere sykdom</h2></div></div></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper \"><div id=\"netboard_recirc\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard\"></div></div></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1lcs599\"><a data-test-tag=\"teaser-medium:link-internal\" href=\"/amagasinet/i/VzWopr/hjertetransplantasjon-reddet-niaaringens-liv\" class=\"imagePosition-top medium feature-teaser hyperion-css-bvr9ut\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Ingmar er ikke i form, sa læreren. Da moren hentet ham, sa sønnen at det føltes som om hjertet hans banket helt gjennom kroppen og vinduskarmen.\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-bjn8wh\"><div class=\"hyperion-css-1k8sl4j\"><img class=\"image-asset hyperion-css-n6kkq1\" data-test-tag=\"image-asset\" src=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=2212b958e60af7534fcfbd2ac833211c9a644702\" srcSet=\"https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1536&amp;w=2048&amp;s=2212b958e60af7534fcfbd2ac833211c9a644702 2048w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=1080&amp;w=1440&amp;s=9c1df4b1ec31d71c949cfb71206248824966fbb3 1440w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=768&amp;w=1024&amp;s=b1033f2601df5ae34a66049311bc374738e7c580 1024w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=735&amp;w=980&amp;s=c98803ead5b08631ccb8f582c9f555fdf25c087a 980w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=585&amp;w=780&amp;s=0da5cca7aee83d651039cc5b388ca29b58db7275 780w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=435&amp;w=580&amp;s=0b658f4d249b75cab456bd351f18ed0cd957c0d2 580w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=285&amp;w=380&amp;s=bbc080b8663d4ecf0b34d3538e14a831a34b7aba 380w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=150&amp;w=200&amp;s=1a6e820337eba1485106145bb0cbb69d598ed5f6 200w,https://premium.vgc.no/v2/images/86ae8085-3d14-4b80-8ee5-3b9355682c52?fit=crop&amp;format=auto&amp;h=75&amp;w=100&amp;s=a7b4adcee099a5f3805de3e215bad0f333a70bdc 100w\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"(min-width: 981px) 980px, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" fetchpriority=\"auto\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2048 / 1536\"/></div></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1hlrz9z\"><div class=\"teaser-label hyperion-css-52yh2p\">A-MAGASINET<div class=\"timestamp friendly hyperion-css-10eh1jy\" data-test-tag=\"timestamp\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-ea91rp\">Publisert:</span><div><time itemProp=\"datePublished\" dateTime=\"2025-10-25T05:01:28Z\" aria-label=\"2025-10-25T05:01:28Z\" pubdate=\"pubdate\">25. oktober</time></div></div></div><div class=\"opinion hyperion-css-1ucd1we\"><h2 class=\"hyperion-css-1hyuqep\">Ingmar er ikke i form, sa læreren. Da moren hentet ham, sa sønnen at det føltes som om hjertet hans banket helt gjennom kroppen og vinduskarmen.</h2></div></div></a></li></ol></div></div><div id=\"widget-inline-list\" class=\"extendedContent paywall hyperion-css-1wv24dq\"><div class=\"bundle hyperion-css-6nuwex\"><ol class=\"hyperion-css-19mvxvm\"><li class=\"hyperion-css-1og0r8\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tag/medisin\" class=\"hyperion-css-vpoaev\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Medisin\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-0\">Medisin</span></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1og0r8\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tag/immunterapi\" class=\"hyperion-css-vpoaev\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Immunterapi\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-0\">Immunterapi</span></a></li><li class=\"hyperion-css-1og0r8\"><a data-test-tag=\"internal-link\" href=\"/tag/kreftforskning\" class=\"hyperion-css-vpoaev\" rel=\"\" target=\"\" aria-label=\"Kreftforskning\"><span class=\"hyperion-css-0\">Kreftforskning</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article \"><div id=\"netboard_5\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div><div class=\"observer-placeholder\"><noscript></noscript></div><div class=\"hyperion-css-1q3hux1\"><button aria-label=\"Tilbake til forsiden\" title=\"Tilbake til forsiden\" type=\"button\" class=\"hyperion-css-1t4sy44\">Tilbake til forsiden</button></div><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard-wrapper__article advertory-aftenposten-bottom-ad\"><div id=\"netboard_6\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-netboard__article\"></div></div></div><div></div></div><div id=\"superright-side\" class=\"hyperion-css-1927kqg\"><div class=\"advertory-aftenposten-skyscraperright_1-wrapper\"><div id=\"skyscraperright_1\" class=\"advertory-aftenposten-skyscraperright_1\"></div></div></div></div><footer role=\"contentinfo\" class=\"hyperion-css-1ykq07t\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"links\"><ul><li><a class=\"actionLink\" href=\"https://www.aftenposten.no/tips\">Tips oss</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/i/Ooyk/informasjon-om-debattinnlegg-og-kronikker-til-aftenposten\" class=\"actionLink\">Send inn debattinnlegg</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.aftenposten.no/rettelser\" class=\"actionLink\">Endringslogg</a></li><li><a class=\"actionLink\" href=\"https://www.aftenposten.no/slik-jobber-vi-i-aftenposten\">Slik jobber vi i Aftenposten</a></li></ul><ul><li><a class=\"actionLink\" href=\"https://kundeservice.aftenposten.no/s/\">Kundeservice</a></li><li><a class=\"actionLink\" href=\"https://schibstedforbusiness.com/no/merkevarer/aftenposten/\">Annonsere i Aftenposten</a></li><li><a class=\"actionLink\" href=\"https://info.privacy.schibsted.com/no/schibsted-norge-personvernerklaering/\">Personvernpolicy</a></li><li><a class=\"actionLink\" href=\"https://info.privacy.schibsted.com/no/schibsted-norge-personvernerklaering/\">Informasjonskapsler</a></li></ul><div class=\"logos\"><div data-loaded=\"true\" class=\"hyperion-css-15fvjg8\"><noscript><img width=\"\" src=\"https://cdn.aftenposten.no/ap/images/footer/circular-ap-logo.png\" alt=\"aftenposten-logo\"/></noscript></div><a href=\"https://www.redaktor.no/ressurser/etiske-og-juridiske-rammeverk/redaktorplakaten\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Lenke til Redaktørplakaten etiske og juridiske rammeverk på Redaktor.no\" class=\"hyperion-css-hkgcqn\"><noscript><img src=\"https://cdn.aftenposten.no/ap/images/footer/ansvarsmerket.svg\" alt=\"Ansvarsmerket\"/></noscript></a></div></div><div class=\"info\"><ul><li><span>Sjefredaktør og adm. direktør: </span><span class=\"name\">Trine Eilertsen</span></li><li><span>Nyhetsredaktør: </span><span class=\"name\">Tone Tveøy Strøm-Gundersen</span></li><li><span>Politisk redaktør: </span><span class=\"name\">Kjetil B. 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Ramsdell, Mary Brunkow og Shimon Sakaguchi får nobelprisen i medisin for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og skader kroppen. 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Administrer dine nyhetsbrev på \\\"Min side\\\".\",\"needsSubscription\":false,\"secondaryNewsletter\":{\"newsletterPublication\":\"ap\",\"newsletterId\":\"ba1a0e9b-996c-46bb-9ec7-8ac5c851fdc8\",\"newsletterName\":\"Se. Lese. Høre. Gjøre.\",\"newsletterDescription\":\"Debattredaktør Erik Tornes sender deg de mest interessante anmeldelsene og debattene.\",\"needsSubscription\":false},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"article-marker-content-start\":{\"type\":\"article-marker\",\"subtype\":\"content-start\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Nobelprisen i medisin deles ut 10. desember i Stockholm. Prisen går i år til Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell og Shimon Sakaguchi. Forskerne får prisen for oppdagelser knyttet til en type celler som hindrer at immunsystemet «løper løpsk» og skader kroppen.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"link:external\",\"offset\":14,\"length\":7,\"uri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.nobelprize.org\\u002Fprizes\\u002Fmedicine\\u002F2025\\u002Fsummary\\u002F\",\"relationships\":[\"nofollow\",\"noreferrer\"]},{\"type\":\"link:internal\",\"offset\":236,\"length\":14,\"uri\":\"article:kwA65L\",\"expandedUri\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.aftenposten.no\\u002Fverden\\u002Fi\\u002FkwA65L\\u002Fde-forsket-paa-hvordan-en-hindrer-kroppen-aa-skade-seg-selv-hedret-med-nobelpris\"}]},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-0\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Immunsystemet vårt skal beskytte oss mot infeksjoner med virus og bakterier. Om du rammes av influensa i vinter, må kroppens immunsystem mobilisere celler som gjenkjenner viruset som fremmed. Så må disse immuncellene formere seg til en stor «hær» som kan finne og drepe virusinfiserte celler. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-1\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Derfor tar det en ukes tid før immuncellene har bekjempet sykdommen. Etter det må hæren «demobilisere», og da trenger kroppen mekanismer som demper aktiveringen av immunsystemet.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Oppdagelsene bak prisen\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-2\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Sakaguchi oppdaget hvordan en ny type immunceller, som han kalte regulatoriske T-celler, hemmer andre immunceller og forhindrer at immunsystemet angriper eget vev. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"fact\":{\"type\":\"fact\",\"title\":{\"value\":\"Om innleggsforfatterne\"},\"components\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"June H. Myklebust, professor, PRIMA (SFF) ved Universitetet i Oslo og forskningsgruppeleder, Seksjon for kreftimmunologi, Institutt for kreftforskning, Oslo universitetssykehus.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:strong\",\"offset\":0,\"length\":17}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Ludvig M. Sollid, professor, Universitetet i Oslo og forskningsgruppeleder, Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:strong\",\"offset\":0,\"length\":16}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Kjetil Taskén, professor, Universitetet i Oslo og leder, Institutt for kreftforskning, Oslo universitetssykehus. Vise-preses, Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi.\",\"markup\":[{\"type\":\"style:strong\",\"offset\":0,\"length\":13}]}}],\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-3\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Brunkow og Ramsdell studerte mus med en arvelig, alvorlig immundefekt som ble oppdaget ved forskning på strålingsskader i det såkalte Manhattan-prosjektet. De fant ut at sykdommen skyldes endringer (mutasjoner) i genet FoxP3. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-4\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"De viste også at Ipex-syndromet, en alvorlig autoimmun sykdom som rammer gutter, skyldes mutasjoner i FoxP3. Uten behandling (beinmargstransplantasjon) dør disse barna kun uker etter fødsel.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-5\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Sakaguchi koblet deretter sammen oppdagelsene og viste at FoxP3 er en «hovedbryter» som definerer egenskapene til regulatoriske T-celler ved å regulere uttrykk av mer enn 600 proteiner som særpreger denne celletypen. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-6\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Disse funnene og senere oppdagelser har åpnet et stort forskningsfelt for hvordan regulatoriske T-celler påvirker en rekke sykdommer, samt hvordan denne kunnskapen kan utnyttes terapeutisk.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading-7\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Sikkerhetsvakter\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-8\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Regulatoriske T-celler ivaretar immuntoleranse, det vil si at de forhindrer autoimmune reaksjoner i kroppen. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-9\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"På verdensbasis rammer autoimmune sykdommer én av ti personer. For lavt antall eller for lite virksomme regulatoriske T-celler kan ha betydning i utvikling av inflammatorisk tarmsykdom, hypertyreose og diabetes type 1. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-10\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Regulatoriske T-celler hindrer også forkastelse av fosteret ved graviditet, de kontrollerer betennelse og demper revmatiske sykdommer. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"image-11\":{\"caption\":{\"value\":\"Den amerikanske biologen og immunologen Mary Brunkow.\"},\"byline\":{\"title\":\"Foto: Henrik Montgomery, Reuters\\u002FNTB\"},\"imageAsset\":{\"id\":\"33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7\",\"size\":{\"width\":8256,\"height\":5504},\"urls\":[{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=1365&w=2048&s=d78a55d4f1169b972ffa02d4ade1d441f9c76caa\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1365},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=960&w=1440&s=cd5e164ca2304480d0023e17b3415501ad26fa61\",\"width\":1440,\"height\":960},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=683&w=1024&s=ba1c44dcce42006b3cb1f6a95de38d8f1d412046\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":683},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=653&w=980&s=957a0de0f479b61f41aef58dd7aa039a49c5453e\",\"width\":980,\"height\":653},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=520&w=780&s=bb09eff67fb691ccb9ae671a27caf97ce8ce8ead\",\"width\":780,\"height\":520},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=387&w=580&s=1e673fd49ea8819a0e9a96854c8312a46490df91\",\"width\":580,\"height\":387},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=253&w=380&s=8b9962da129cb932ddca7fd84df6ef65c7f2cdcf\",\"width\":380,\"height\":253},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=133&w=200&s=f3decf10341b637ab2b8bce803b656eaf194720b\",\"width\":200,\"height\":133},{\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpremium.vgc.no\\u002Fv2\\u002Fimages\\u002F33eff076-ee6e-4e66-92ea-e065993b57c7?fit=crop&format=auto&h=67&w=100&s=f7fa22059c31b48bd915386177fd089f19e12687\",\"width\":100,\"height\":67}]},\"characteristics\":{\"figure\":false,\"sensitive\":false},\"type\":\"image\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\",\"layout\":\"extendedContent\"},\"text-12\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"I tillegg har regulatoriske T-celler en viktig rolle i å regulere immunresponser under infeksjoner ved å forhindre at immunsystemet blir overaktivt. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-13\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Ved kreft ser man motsatt effekt: Antallet regulatoriske celler i svulstene er økt, eller cellene har økt aktivitet. Regulatoriske T-celler utgjør derfor en barriere for ulike former for immunterapi mot kreft. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-14\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Nobelprisvinnernes oppdagelser gir innsikt i hvor viktig det er å ha både «gass» og «brems» for å styre immunsystemet og hvordan denne balansen kan feile ved sykdom. Funnene har derfor stort potensial som kan utnyttes ved behandling av sykdommer.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-heading-15\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Ny behandling mot udekkede medisinske behov\"},\"subtype\":\"heading\",\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-16\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Det pågår legemiddelutvikling med kliniske studier i tidlig fase som undersøker måter å øke aktiviteten til regulatoriske T-celler på for behandling av autoimmune sykdommer, allergier og for å hindre avstøtninger ved transplantasjoner. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-17\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Ved kreft forsøker man derimot å lage ny behandling som «tar foten av bremsen» ved å dempe aktiviteten til de regulatoriske T-cellene og dermed slippe løs andre immunceller som kan drepe kreftcellene, noe som må skje uten å utløse autoimmunitet.\"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-18\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Ny behandling som forbedrer immuntoleransen gjennom å øke antallet regulatoriske T-celler, kan tenkes å bli brukt for behandling av et bredt spekter av autoimmune sykdommer. \"},\"externalClassName\":\"paywall\"},\"text-19\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":{\"value\":\"Så langt har man forsøkt å ekspandere og aktivere regulatoriske T-celler i pasientene ved å gi vekstfaktorer. 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Generated by @schibsted/sourcepoint 5.2.3 (2025-12-09T23:07:40.537Z) */\n!function(){const e=[\"jsSdkVersion\",\"id\",\"realm\",\"clientId\",\"pulseTracker\",\"referrer\",\"state\",\"pulseObjectName\",\"showInWebview\",\"identityObject\",\"identityObjectName\",\"disableSentry\",\"disableNativeConsentCheck\",\"enableUserCentric\",\"groupId\"],n=[\"jsSdkVersion\",\"id\",\"realm\",\"clientId\",\"pulseTracker\",\"referrer\",\"state\",\"pulseObjectName\",\"showInWebview\",\"identityObject\",\"identityObjectName\",\"disableSentry\",\"disableNativeConsentCheck\",\"enableUserCentric\",\"groupId\"];function t(e,n){if(null==e)return{};var t={};for(var o in e)if({}.hasOwnProperty.call(e,o)){if(n.includes(o))continue;t[o]=e[o]}return t}const o={\"showInWebview\":\"tcf\",\"groupPmId\":1005476,\"propertyHref\":\"https://www.aftenposten.no\",\"accountId\":1047,\"propertyId\":4607,\"baseEndpoint\":\"https://cmp.aftenposten.no\",\"consentLanguage\":\"no\",\"clientId\":\"5698d5066c09e50a026ab4fe\"};function r(){\"undefined\"!=typeof document&&document.location.href.indexOf(\"sp_debug=1\")>0&&console.debug(\"[CMP]\",...arguments)}function s(e,n,t,o,r){const s=new URL(e);s.searchParams.append(\"utm_source\",\"cmp\"),s.searchParams.append(\"utm_medium\",\"psi\"),s.searchParams.append(\"referrer\",o||window.location.href),t&&s.searchParams.append(\"client_id\",t),n&&s.searchParams.append(\"environment_id\",n),r&&s.searchParams.append(\"state\",r),window.location.href=s.href}function i(e){return null===e?null:Boolean(parseInt(e))}function c(e){let n=e+\"=\",t=decodeURIComponent(document.cookie).split(\";\");for(let e=0;e<t.length;e++){let o=t[e];for(;\" \"==o.charAt(0);)o=o.substring(1);if(0==o.indexOf(n))return o.substring(n.length,o.length)}return\"\"}const a=[\"Mixed\",\"PSI\",\"SCC\",\"TCF\",\"PMC\"],u=\"default\",l=\"cmp\",p=\"cache\",d=\"accepted\",f=\"rejected\",g=\"unknown\",m=Object.freeze({purposes:{CMP_ANALYTICS:{optIn:!1,status:g},CMP_MARKETING:{optIn:!1,status:g},CMP_ADVERTISING:{optIn:!1,status:g},CMP_PERSONALIZATION:{optIn:!1,status:g}},source:u});function y(e,n,t,o){r(\"Pulse: \"+t+\"(actor, data):\",n,o),b(e,(e=>{e&&\"function\"==typeof e.track&&e.track(t,{schema:\"http://schema.schibsted.com/events/tracker-event.json/314.json\",object:Object.assign({},o,y.pulseCommonData),provider:{component:\"CMP\"},actor:n})}))}function b(e,n){if(e.psi.pulseTracker)return n(e.psi.pulseTracker);const t=e.psi.pulseObjectName||\"pulse\";return\"function\"!=typeof e[t]?console.error(\"No Pulse integration detected. 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   "source_updated_at" : "2025-12-09 11:01:11",
   "summary" : "Kan føre til ny og bedre behandling for autoimmune sykdommer og kreft.",
   "tags" : null,
   "title" : "Kan gi gjennombrudd i behandling av kreft og betennelsessykdommer",
   "twitter_title" : null,
   "version" : 1
}